Free ASBOG Geologic Hazards Questions and Answers 1

Question 1

a measurement of a slope's stability in which the driving and resisting forces are contrasted. The slope will fail if the driving force is greater than the resisting force or equal to it.

Accepted Answer

Factor of Safety

Answer

The Factor of Safety (FS) is a quantitative measure of slope stability, calculated as the ratio of resisting forces to driving forces. A slope is considered stable if FS > 1, and unstable (likely to fail) if FS < 1 or equal to 1. The question's description directly aligns with this definition, where failure occurs when driving forces overcome or equal resisting forces.

Question 2

a way to gauge an earthquake's power or the strain energy it releases. Richter (also known as local), body wave, surface, and moment magnitude are the four most prevalent forms.

Accepted Answer

Magnitude

Answer

The question describes a measure of an earthquake's 'power or the strain energy it releases,' and lists various scales like Richter and moment magnitude. This directly defines earthquake magnitude, which quantifies the energy released at the earthquake's source. Intensity, in contrast, measures the effects at a specific location.

Question 3

the unequal lowering of various structural components, which frequently causes damage to the structure

Accepted Answer

Differential Settlement

Answer

Differential settlement refers to the uneven sinking or lowering of different parts of a structure's foundation. This unequal movement creates stress within the building's frame, often leading to cracks, structural damage, and instability. Uniform settlement, conversely, would be an even sinking across the entire structure, which is generally less damaging.

Question 4

a way to gauge an earthquake's effects at a specific location. Damage to human structures, earth disturbances, and animal reactions are all outcomes that have been seen.

Accepted Answer

Intensity

Answer

Earthquake intensity measures the observed effects of an earthquake at a particular location, including the degree of damage to buildings, ground deformation, and how people and animals perceive the shaking. Unlike magnitude, which quantifies the energy released at the source, intensity varies with distance from the epicenter and local geological conditions.

Question 5

point just above the focal point on the surface of the Earth

Accepted Answer

Epicenter

Answer

The epicenter is defined as the point on the Earth's surface directly above the hypocenter (or focus), which is the actual point within the Earth where an earthquake originates. This makes the epicenter the location on the surface closest to the earthquake's source, where seismic waves first reach the surface.

ASBOG - Association of State Boards of Geology Practice Test

ASBOG - Association of State Boards of Geology Practice Test

Free ASBOG Geologic Hazards Questions and Answers 1