Explanation:
On 13 March [1 March, Old Style], 1881, Alexander II, the Emperor of Russia, was killed in Saint Petersburg, Russia while returning to the Winter Palace from Mikhailovsky Manège in a closed carriage.
The Executive Committee of Narodnaya Volya ("People's Will"), led primarily by Andrei Zhelyabov, plotted the assassination. Two of the four killers Sophia Perovskaya organized really carried out the murder. One assassin, Nikolai Rysakov, dropped a bomb that damaged the carriage, compelling the Tsar to disembark. Ignacy Hryniewiecki, a second assassin, then detonated a bomb, injuring Alexander II mortally.
Alexander II already had a history of surviving assassination attempts, including those by Dmitry Karakozov and Alexander Soloviev, the attempt to blow up the imperial train at Zaporizhzhia, and the bombing of the Winter Palace in February 1880. The assassination is sometimes cited as the 19th-century Russian nihilist movement's most effective action.
Explanation:
Franco-German War, commonly known as the Franco-Prussian War, was a conflict between the German nations of Prussia and France that lasted from July 19, 1870, to May 10, 1871. The conflict led to the unification of Germany and the end of French power in continental Europe.
Explanation:
Toynbee Hall is a groundbreaking social community in London's East End. It was established in 1884 on Commercial Street in Whitechapel (now in Tower Hamlets) and was given the name Arnold Toynbee in honor of the 19th-century English social reformer. Barnett invited students from Oxford and Cambridge to the poor, working-class neighborhood of Whitechapel during his formative years at St. Jude's Church so they could learn about social conditions; his subsequent plan to found a house of residence for graduates who wanted to live in an industrial area and contribute to its life was well supported. He bought and rebuilt properties near St. Jude's using money primarily raised at Oxford, and together with his settlers he started the process of getting involved in local life, developing adult education, gathering social data, and improving local social and industrial circumstances.
Explanation:
British women's suffrage movement's militant branch was called the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). Emmeline Pankhurst started WSPU in Manchester in 1903. The National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), established in 1897 and more conservative than the WSPU, fought for women's right to vote in a nation that explicitly forbade it in 1832.
Explanation:
Bloody Sunday refers to a number of violent events and conflicts throughout history. In Russia, it alludes to the tsarist soldiers' shooting of unarmed people in St. Petersburg in January 1905. With a petition to the tsar requesting changes and easing restrictions, the populace has been marching on the Winter Palace. Many individuals were killed in the ensuing bloodshed, which also served as the catalyst for the start of the 1905 Revolution.
Explanation:
The Seven Weeks' War, often known as the Austro-Prussian War, was fought between Prussia and Austria, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and a few other German nations in 1866. As a result of the Prussian triumph, Austria was cut off from Germany. The critical Battle of Königgrätz between the main Prussian armies and the Saxon army and the main Austrian forces determined the outcome in Bohemia. The forces of Bavaria and other German states that had joined with Austria were being dealt with by a Prussian division known as the army of the Main in the meantime. In parallel, a campaign in Venetia pitted the Italians, who had allied with Prussia, against the southern Austrian army.
Explanation:
British forces defeated the two Boer (Afrikaner) republics, the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, in the South African War, also known as the Boer War, Second Boer War, or Anglo-Boer War; to Afrikaners, it is also known as the Second War of Independence.
