Explanation:
According to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, at age 9 to 12 months, a child begins to act with intention and may first attempt to climb over obstacles, such as crib side rails. This is a transitional stage for the children during which intellectual development progresses and the child begins to understand that hidden objects are not permanently gone. They also begin to associate words and symbols (such as "bye-bye") with events, such as the parent leaving.
Explanation:
Anticipatory guidance most appropriate for a male child during early adolescence (11-14) includes bodily changes and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The child will change thought patterns and awareness so the child's feelings about academic responsibilities should be explored. The child may begin to experience peer pressure to conform to the norms of a group, so the pediatric nurse should begin discussions about issues such as gangs, tobacco, drugs, alcohol, and abusive relationships (which should be explored more during adolescence).
Explanation:
Considering Erikson's developmental stages, before carrying out assessment and treatment on a preschooler (ages 3 to 6), the pediatric nurse should allow the child to play with the medical equipment to lessen the child's anxiety because strange equipment may frighten the child. The parent/caregiver should assist with the assessment/treatment when possible, such as by holding the child, and the pediatric nurse should explain to the child in simple, age-appropriate terms what the assessment/treatment will entail.
Explanation:
The circumstance that is likely to be the greatest barrier to a child's access to medical care is being homeless. People who are homeless often move from shelter to shelter or other temporary living situations, and their medical care is often provided through emergency departments or free clinics, so there is little consistency in care or follow-up. Children who are homeless are often exposed to others who are ill and may not have facilities for adequate hygiene.
Explanation:
When serving as a mentor for a newly licensed nurse, the primary role of the pediatric nurse is to provide support and guidance. The nurse should feel free to bring questions and concerns to the mentor. Skills that enhance mentoring include nurturing, providing clinical expertise, motivating, modeling, and providing feedback. Mentoring is usually a one-on-one relationship although a pediatric nurse may also serve as a mentor to a group.
Explanation:
The cultural group in which grandmothers often have an active role in child care or are primary caregivers is African American. Extended family is very important among African Americans and children are expected to be obedient and respectful. Children often avoid eye contact as a sign of respect, and this can be misinterpreted as being evasive. High rates of obesity are common among children and increase the risk of hypertension and diabetes.
Explanation:
When participating in the development of the Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for a child with mild cognitive impairment and an IQ of 65, the pediatric nurse should explain that the child should be educated about the 6th-grade level. The child should be able to master many skills and may, as an adult, be able to work and live independently or with minimal supervision, so this should be an ultimate goal.
Explanation:
The Braden Q Scale is most appropriate for children who are 3 weeks to 8 years while the Braden Scale is used for older children. The Braden Q scale assesses the risk of pressure ulcers for children related to immobility. Seven categories are scored from 1 (severe) to 4 (normal): mobility, activity, sensory perception, moisture, friction-shear, nutrition, tissue perfusion, and oxygenation. Possible scores range from 7 to 28 with a score of 16 or higher indicating increased risk.
Explanation:
The 72-hour N-acetylcysteine protocol is recommended between 4- and 24 hours post-ingestion of intentional acetaminophen overdose. This can be initiated while awaiting results of blood work for acetaminophen levels. Only if the patient is exhibiting symptoms after the 24-hour mark may this protocol still be indicated at that time. Gl decontamination must be done within four hours of ingestion and gastric lavage within one hour of ingestion. Supportive therapy and psychiatric referral are also indicated for this patient, after initiating N-acetylcysteine administration.
Explanation:
The genetic disorder that puts the child at risk for developing aortic aneurysm later in life is Marfan syndrome. Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue characterized by elongated head, long arms and legs, scoliosis, crowded teeth, unusual stretch marks, and cardiac abnormalities, including aortic enlargement, which can result in rupture and sudden death. Some children have evidence of aortic enlargement at birth, but many are not diagnosed until later in life when signs and symptoms become more evident.
Explanation:
An example of lateral violence is when a nurse insults and denigrates a colleague. Lateral violence (AKA horizontal violence) can include physical as well as verbal abuse and may be overt or covert. For example, a staff member may attempt to undermine another's accomplishments or backstab the person to engage fellow staff members in similar abusive behavior. Lateral violence can take a large emotional toll on a victim.
