Subtraction is performed by adding the two's complement (negative) of the number to be subtracted.
Adding 1011 and 0110 results in a carry-over to the 5th bit, making the result 10001.
In unsigned arithmetic, overflow is indicated by the carry-out flag.
Multiplication can be efficiently performed using the shift and add method, where one number is shifted and added based on the bits of the other number.
Adding 255 and 1 in 8-bit binary results in 0 with a carry-out, which indicates overflow.
