Free Adult Health Clinical Nurse Specialist MCQ Questions and Answers

Question 1

A new patient admitted for a rapid change in the degree of awareness has been evaluated by Carla, the new nurse (ALOC). Additionally, she went over the most recent lab findings, which are as follows:

Na+ 156
CL- 100
K+ 4.0
HCO 21
BUN 86
Bild. Glucose 100

Based on the data she has acquired, Nina, the new nurse, is entering a nursing diagnosis on the care plan. Which nursing diagnosis fits the situation best?

Accepted Answer

Fluid volume deficit

Answer

The patient's lab results show a sodium level of 156 mEq/L (hypernatremia) and an elevated BUN of 86 mg/dL. These findings, especially in conjunction with an altered level of consciousness, are strong indicators of dehydration or fluid volume deficit. Hypernatremia occurs when there is a relative lack of water compared to sodium, and an elevated BUN often reflects decreased renal perfusion due to insufficient fluid volume.

Question 2

After a complete bowel rest, a client has been prescribed a clear liquid diet. The nurse making the dietary plan for the client keeps in mind that a clear liquid diet consists of the following:

Accepted Answer

Milk

Answer

A clear liquid diet is specifically designed to include only liquids that are transparent and leave minimal residue, such as broth, gelatin, and clear juices. Milk, being an opaque liquid with fat and protein content, does not meet the criteria for a clear liquid diet and is instead classified under a full liquid diet. Therefore, among the given options, milk is the item that would typically be *excluded* from a clear liquid diet.

Question 3

A nurse is evaluating a recently admitted client. According to the assessment, the client exhibits muscle stiffness, weakness, and an unstable stride. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most appropriate in light of the findings?

Accepted Answer

Impaired physical mobility

Answer

The assessment findings of muscle stiffness, weakness, and an unstable stride directly indicate a problem with the client's ability to move freely and purposefully. 'Impaired physical mobility' is a nursing diagnosis that accurately reflects these signs and symptoms, focusing on the limitation of independent, purposeful physical movement. This diagnosis guides interventions aimed at improving strength, balance, and range of motion.

Question 4

It is believed that a high-fiber diet lowers the risk of colon cancer because of it:

Accepted Answer

Promotes the excretion of bile

Answer

A high-fiber diet is believed to lower the risk of colon cancer partly because it promotes the excretion of bile acids. Fiber binds to bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and increasing their elimination from the body. This reduces the exposure of the colon lining to potentially harmful secondary bile acids, thereby contributing to a lower risk of colon cancer.

Question 5

Which of the diets mentioned above is advised for an AIDS client?

Accepted Answer

High-calorie, high protein

Answer

Patients with AIDS often experience significant weight loss, muscle wasting (cachexia), and malabsorption due to the disease and opportunistic infections. A high-calorie, high-protein diet is essential to combat these issues, support immune function, and maintain body mass. Adequate caloric and protein intake helps prevent further wasting, promotes tissue repair, and provides the energy needed for overall well-being and recovery.

Clinical Nurse Specialist Practice Test

Clinical Nurse Specialist Practice Test

Free Adult Health Clinical Nurse Specialist MCQ Questions and Answers