Explanation:
Statements a, b, c, and d are all factually correct and provide accurate information about the use and potential risks of formaldehyde-containing pastes in dentistry.
Explanation:
Overall, applying glass ionomer cement after smoothing the enamel provides immediate protection to the exposed dentin, reduces sensitivity to cold stimuli, and helps to prevent further complications while the patient awaits definitive treatment. This approach is less invasive than opening the pulp chamber and cleaning the canal, which may not be necessary as an initial emergency measure in a tooth with no signs of pulp exposure or mobility.
Explanation:
This option is the most appropriate initial management for a tooth with apical resorption following trauma. Complete instrumentation involves cleaning and shaping the root canal system to remove any necrotic or infected tissue. Medication with intracanal calcium hydroxide helps disinfect the canal and promote healing. Calcium hydroxide has antimicrobial properties and can also induce hard-tissue formation, aiding in the repair of apical resorption.
Explanation:
The statement "Root canal therapy may be safely and successfully undertaken for (1) hemophiliacs, (2) patients with a history of rheumatic fever, (3) patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and (5) adolescent diabetics" is correct.
Explanation:
Statements 2 and 5 are correct as these statements accurately reflect the potential risks and considerations associated with the topical application of antibiotics in root canal treatment.
Explanation:
The frequent location of a second canal lingual to the main canal in mandibular incisors is influenced by embryological development, anatomical considerations, and the variability of the root canal system, underscoring the importance of thorough clinical assessment and treatment planning.
Explanation:
Perforations of molar furcation, particularly in endodontics, are associated with the poorest prognosis for several reasons:
Difficulty in Access and Instrumentation
Limited Healing Potential
Increased Risk of Reinfection
Inadequate Seal and Restoration
Periodontal Involvement
Explanation:
This option is the most appropriate management for a tooth with apical resorption following trauma. Complete instrumentation involves cleaning and shaping the root canal system to remove any necrotic or infected tissue. Medication with intracanal calcium hydroxide helps disinfect the canal and promote healing. Calcium hydroxide has antimicrobial properties and can also induce hard-tissue formation, aiding in the repair of apical resorption.
Explanation:
Barbed broaches are not typically used for the removal of gutta-percha during nonsurgical retreatment. Gutta-percha removal during retreatment typically involves the use of heat, solvents, rotary instruments, or specialized retreatment files designed for this purpose. Barbed broaches are not well-suited for removing gutta-percha due to their design, which can lead to potential complications such as instrument fracture or canal transportation.
Explanation:
The prognosis of an avulsed permanent tooth that has been reimplanted is significantly influenced by the length of time the tooth remains out of the mouth before reimplantation. The sooner the tooth is reimplanted, the better the chances of success. Ideally, reimplantation should occur within 30 minutes to one hour after the avulsion to maximize the chances of successful reattachment and long-term survival. Delayed reimplantation significantly reduces the likelihood of a favorable outcome due to increased risk of root resorption, pulp necrosis, and ankylosis.
Explanation:
Dental amalgam is a silver-colored filling material composed of various metals, including mercury, silver, tin, and copper. It is not tooth-colored and is not considered aesthetically pleasing.
