EMT Cardiology Sample Test 2

Question 1

The normal heart rate for a newborn is:

Accepted Answer

140 – 160

Answer

The normal heart rate for a newborn (0-3 months) is considerably faster than for older individuals. This elevated rate, typically ranging from 140-160 beats per minute, is necessary to meet the high metabolic demands and maintain adequate cardiac output in their small, rapidly developing bodies. Their cardiovascular system is still maturing and requires a higher baseline rate.

Question 2

The normal heart rate for a child between the ages of 1-6:

Accepted Answer

100 – 120

Answer

As children grow and their cardiovascular system matures, their normal resting heart rate gradually decreases. For a child between the ages of 1 and 6 years, a typical normal heart rate range is 100-120 beats per minute. This rate is slower than that of a newborn but still faster than an adult's, reflecting their ongoing growth and development.

Question 3

The normal heart rate for a child over the age of 6 is:

Accepted Answer

80 – 100

Answer

For children over the age of 6, the normal resting heart rate continues to decrease, approaching adult ranges as their bodies mature. A typical normal heart rate for this age group is 80-100 beats per minute. This reflects a more developed cardiovascular system and a lower metabolic demand per unit of body mass compared to younger children.

Question 4

The correct flow of blood through the heart and lungs is…?

Accepted Answer

Inferior/superior vena cavae, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Answer

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium via the inferior and superior vena cavae, then flows to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps this blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium, then flows to the left ventricle, which pumps it into the aorta for distribution throughout the body.

Question 5

What is the difference between angina pectoris and a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris is caused by physical or emotional stress

Answer

Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by temporary myocardial ischemia, typically triggered by increased oxygen demand from physical exertion or emotional stress, and usually relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. A myocardial infarction (heart attack), however, involves actual death of heart muscle tissue due to prolonged ischemia, and the pain is usually more severe, persistent, and not relieved by rest.

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EMT Cardiology Sample Test 2