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Cyanosis occurs when the oxygen saturation of arterial blood falls below 85-90%. It is often presents in the lips and nail beds first.
The Trachea leads to the Bronchi which lead into the Bronchioles.
Seeing movement of the chest wall does not guarantee proper tube placement because inflating the stomach could be mistaken for chest rise.
Early signs of cyanosis often presents more clearly in the nail beds and lips
The Vallecula is an important landmark in intubation; it is where the blade of a laryngoscope is placed to facilitate direct visualization of the glottis.
Using abdominal muscles to breath is a sign of labored breathing NOT of adequate breathing.
Respiratory failure is a medical term for inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system. Respiratory failure can be indicated by observing a drop in O2 saturation and breathing rate / quality.
Stridor is indicative of a severe upper airway obstruction.
Gastric Distention should be avoided as it often leads to vomiting and aspiration of said emesis.
When a patient is unconscious, the tongue has a tendency to fall back in the mouth and block the airway. An oral or nasal airway is used to prevent this.
If you are unsuccessful with your intubation, you should always cease your attempt after 30 seconds, allow for the patient to be hyperventilated and attempt it again.
This is a sign that you are not getting effective respirations. You should reposition the patient's head using the head tilt / chin lift or jaw thrust maneuver and attempt respirations again.
The standard ET Tube cuff is inflated with 10 cc of air
Bronchodilators are used to dilate or widen the bronchioles allowing air to more easily flow through them. A common bronchodilator is Albuterol.
Agonal respirations are also commonly seen in cases of cardiac arrest, and may persist for several minutes after cessation of heartbeat.
