Diabetes Test 6

Question 1

Which one of the aforementioned chronic issues is linked to diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Retinopathy, neuropathy, and coronary artery disease

Answer

Diabetes mellitus is associated with numerous chronic complications affecting various organ systems due to prolonged hyperglycemia. Retinopathy (damage to the eyes), neuropathy (nerve damage), and coronary artery disease (heart disease) are classic examples of microvascular and macrovascular complications that significantly impact a patient's long-term health and quality of life.

Question 2

The reason the nurse is aware that glucagon can be used to treat hypoglycemia is because:

Accepted Answer

Increases blood glucose levels

Answer

Glucagon is a hormone that counteracts the effects of insulin by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) and to produce new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis). This action rapidly raises blood glucose levels, making it an effective treatment for severe hypoglycemia. It essentially mobilizes the body's glucose reserves.

Question 3

As part of the discharge plan, the nurse is instructing a client on how to administer insulin. Which insulin among the following begins to work the fastest?

Accepted Answer

lispro (Admelog)

Answer

Insulin lispro (Admelog) is a rapid-acting insulin analog with the fastest onset of action, typically within 15-30 minutes. This makes it ideal for administration just before or immediately after meals to effectively cover postprandial glucose excursions. Other insulins listed have slower onsets of action.

Question 4

Which nursing intervention should be used for a patient who complains of nausea and throws up an hour after taking glyburide (DiaBeta)?

Accepted Answer

Monitor blood glucose closely, and look for signs of hypoglycemia

Answer

Glyburide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release, lowering blood glucose. If a patient vomits an hour after taking glyburide, the medication may have been absorbed, but the food intake that would normally counteract its effect is now absent. This significantly increases the risk of hypoglycemia, necessitating close blood glucose monitoring and assessment for low blood sugar symptoms.

Question 5

A patient has infection-related diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following symptoms might the nurse observe when the illness worsens?

Accepted Answer

Kussmaul’s respirations and a fruity odor on the breath

Answer

As diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) worsens, the body tries to compensate for metabolic acidosis by increasing the rate and depth of breathing, known as Kussmaul's respirations, to blow off CO2. The breakdown of fats for energy produces ketones, including acetone, which is exhaled, giving the breath a characteristic fruity odor. These are hallmark signs of severe DKA.

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Test 6