Diabetes Test 4

Question 1

A patient with type 2 diabetes who has been diagnosed by the nurse is being admitted. In an assessment, the nurse should anticipate the following symptoms, with the exception of:

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and being admitted would typically present with symptoms of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), such as dry mouth (polydipsia), frequent bruising (impaired wound healing), and potentially ketonuria in severe cases. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is generally a complication of diabetes treatment, particularly with insulin or certain oral medications, and is not a typical presenting symptom of newly diagnosed, untreated type 2 diabetes.

Question 2

Obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are all conditions your patient has. His memory takes him back to last night's meal, which included a low-fat turkey and cheese sandwich with mustard, a side salad with low-fat Italian dressing, pickles, a small portion of baked chips, and one can of club soda. Which of the patient's conditions is more at risk from his dietary choices, in your opinion?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

The meal described, while low in fat, includes pickles and baked chips, which are typically high in sodium. High sodium intake is a significant risk factor for hypertension (high blood pressure). Given the patient's existing hypertension, this dietary choice poses a direct and immediate risk to blood pressure control. While the meal could indirectly affect other conditions, the sodium content specifically targets hypertension.

Question 3

All of the following are part of the clinical nursing examination for a patient with microangiopathy who has demonstrated reduced peripheral arterial circulation, with the exception of:

Accepted Answer

Palpation for increased pulse volume in the arteries of the lower extremities

Answer

Reduced peripheral arterial circulation (microangiopathy) means there is diminished blood flow to the lower extremities. Therefore, a clinical examination would reveal *decreased* or absent pulse volume in the arteries of the lower extremities, not increased. Observations like blanching, paleness, and brown spots (diabetic dermopathy or hemosiderin staining) are consistent with poor circulation or diabetic complications.

Question 4

The HbA1C test for glycosylated hemoglobin gauges a person's average blood glucose control over the past three months. Which of the following readings constitutes a pre-diabetes diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

5.7-6.4%

Answer

The HbA1C test provides an average of blood glucose control over the past 2-3 months. A pre-diabetes diagnosis is specifically defined by an HbA1C level ranging from 5.7% to 6.4%. Levels below 5.7% are considered normal, while 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes.

Question 5

A clinical trait that separates a ketoacidosis reaction from a hypoglycemia reaction is:

Accepted Answer

Diaphoresis

Answer

Diaphoresis, or sweating, is a classic symptom of hypoglycemia, resulting from the sympathetic nervous system's response to low blood sugar. In contrast, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) typically causes dehydration and dry skin. While other symptoms like nausea, blurred vision, and weakness can occur in both conditions, diaphoresis is a key distinguishing feature of hypoglycemia.

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Test 4