Anatomy and Physiology Musculoskeletal System 3

Question 1

What is the name of the cartilage found at the ends of long bones that cushions joints?

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage

Answer

Articular cartilage (a type of hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of long bones in synovial joints, providing a smooth, low-friction surface.

Question 2

Which muscle is the primary hip flexor?

Accepted Answer

Iliopsoas

Answer

The iliopsoas, formed by the iliacus and psoas major muscles, is the strongest and most important hip flexor.

Question 3

What are the small projections on the surface of trabecular (spongy) bone called?

Accepted Answer

Trabeculae

Answer

Trabeculae are the needle-like or plate-like bony projections that form the lattice-work structure of spongy bone, reducing weight while maintaining strength.

Question 4

Which structure connects the two bones of a synovial joint and provides stability?

Accepted Answer

Ligament

Answer

Ligaments are dense fibrous connective tissue bands that connect bone to bone across a joint, providing structural stability.

Question 5

In the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca²⁺)

Answer

Calcium ions released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind to troponin, causing a conformational change that exposes actin binding sites for myosin cross-bridges.

Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Anatomy and Physiology Musculoskeletal System 3