Free Anatomy and Physiology General Concepts Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is the correct order of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?
- Organ system → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule
- Cell → Molecule → Tissue → Organ → Organism
- Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism (Correct answer)
- Molecule → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Organ system
Correct answer: Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism
The correct hierarchy starts at the chemical level (molecules), builds to the cellular level, then to tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally, the organism as a whole.
Question 2: What is homeostasis?
- The production of energy by the body
- The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment (Correct answer)
- The transport of nutrients and waste products
- The division of cells for growth and repair
Correct answer: The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment
Homeostasis involves mechanisms that regulate the internal environment, such as maintaining temperature, pH, and electrolyte balance, to ensure optimal functioning of the body.
Question 3: Which of the following body planes divides the body into left and right halves?
- Frontal (coronal) plane
- Transverse (horizontal) plane
- Sagittal plane (Correct answer)
- Oblique plane
Correct answer: Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sections. The mid-sagittal plane divides it equally, while other sagittal planes may not be symmetrical.
Question 4: What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?
- Protein systhesis
- Genetic information storage
- Energy production (Correct answer)
- Detoxification
Correct answer: Energy production
Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, generating ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, which provides energy for cellular functions.
Question 5: Which feedback mechanism amplifies a physiological change rather than reversing it?
- Negative feedback
- Positive feedback (Correct answer)
- Neutral feedback
- Hormonal feedback
Correct answer: Positive feedback
Positive feedback amplifies the original stimulus, as seen in childbirth (oxytocin increases contractions) or blood clotting. Negative feedback mechanisms, in contrast, work to stabilize conditions by reversing changes.
Free Anatomy and Physiology General Concepts Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the correct order of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?