ABO Study Guide 2026

Immediate, prolonged irrigation to reach a neutral pH of about 7 limits the stromal penetration of alkali and the damage to limbal stem cells.

Both diseases share similar clinical and histologic findings, but VKH requires no prior penetrating injury or intraocular surgery.

Sporadic aniridia may involve 11p13 deletions including WT1 (WAGR), warranting Wilms tumor surveillance.

SCUT found no significant overall difference in 3-month BSCVA with adjunctive topical prednisolone, and no rise in adverse events.

Biguanides like PHMB and chlorhexidine are active against both trophozoites and cysts, often combined with a diamidine such as propamidine.

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, and its classic presenting sign is leukocoria, or a white pupillary reflex. This 'cat's eye reflex' occurs when light reflects off the tumor mass within the eye. Early detection is critical for successful treatment and preservation of vision and life.