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Ocular Oncology Flashcards

7 cards from real ABO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults?

    Answer: Uveal melanoma

    Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, arising from melanocytes in the uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, choroid).

  2. Which genetic mutation is most commonly associated with uveal melanoma?

    Answer: GNAQ/GNA11

    GNAQ and GNA11 mutations are found in approximately 80-90% of uveal melanomas, constitutively activating the MAPK signaling pathway.

  3. What is the most common site of distant metastasis from uveal melanoma?

    Answer: Liver

    The liver is the predominant site of metastasis in uveal melanoma, with over 90% of patients with metastatic disease having hepatic involvement due to hematogenous spread.

  4. Retinoblastoma results from biallelic inactivation of which tumor suppressor gene?

    Answer: RB1

    Retinoblastoma results from biallelic inactivation of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene, illustrating Knudson's classic 'two-hit' model of carcinogenesis.

  5. Which of the following is the most common benign intraocular tumor in adults?

    Answer: Choroidal nevus

    Choroidal nevi are the most common benign intraocular tumors, found in approximately 6-7% of the adult Caucasian population, analogous to cutaneous nevi.

  6. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) demonstrated equivalence between enucleation and which treatment for medium-sized choroidal melanoma?

    Answer: I-125 episcleral plaque brachytherapy

    COMS demonstrated that I-125 episcleral plaque brachytherapy provides equivalent 5-year overall survival to enucleation for medium-sized choroidal melanomas.

  7. Which B-scan ultrasonography finding is most characteristic of choroidal melanoma?

    Answer: Low-to-medium internal reflectivity with acoustic hollowing and choroidal excavation

    Choroidal melanoma characteristically shows low-to-medium internal reflectivity with acoustic hollowing (angle kappa) and choroidal excavation on standardized A/B-scan ultrasonography.