FREE ABO Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Questions and Answers

Question 1

What is the primary mechanism of action by which prostaglandin analogs, such as latanoprost, lower intraocular pressure (IOP)?

Accepted Answer

Increasing aqueous humor outflow through the uveoscleral pathway.

Answer

Decreasing aqueous humor production by the ciliary body.

Answer

Increasing aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork.

Answer

Constricting the pupil to increase outflow (miosis).

Question 2

A patient has been using topical prednisolone acetate 1% four times daily for several months for chronic uveitis. Which of the following is the most common and significant ocular side effect associated with long-term use?

Accepted Answer

Elevated intraocular pressure and cataract formation.

Answer

Corneal melt

Answer

Miosis

Answer

Optic nerve atrophy

Question 3

A patient presents with a classic dendritic ulcer on the cornea, which is pathognomonic for herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. What is the standard-of-care first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Topical ganciclovir or trifluridine

Answer

Topical corticosteroids

Answer

Oral acyclovir

Answer

Intravenous ceftriaxone

Question 4

Which of the following cycloplegic/mydriatic agents has the longest duration of action, often lasting for one to two weeks?

Accepted Answer

Atropine

Answer

Tropicamide

Answer

Cyclopentolate

Answer

Phenylephrine

Question 5

The bactericidal action of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones, such as moxifloxacin, is achieved by inhibiting which two bacterial enzymes?

Accepted Answer

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Answer

Beta-lactamase and penicillin-binding protein

Answer

Dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase

Answer

RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase

Question 6

A contact lens wearer presents with severe eye pain out of proportion to clinical signs and a ring infiltrate. Acanthamoeba keratitis is suspected. Effective treatment typically requires:

Accepted Answer

Combination therapy with a biguanide and a diamidine.

Answer

Monotherapy with a topical fourth-generation fluoroquinolone.

Answer

Intensive topical corticosteroids.

Answer

Oral antifungal agents like fluconazole.

Question 7

A glaucoma patient is started on oral acetazolamide. Which of the following is a common systemic side effect that the patient should be warned about?

Accepted Answer

Paresthesias of fingers and toes

Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Hyperkalemia