FREE ABO Retina and Vitreous Questions and Answers

Question 1

Which of the following findings is the defining feature that differentiates proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) from severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)?

Accepted Answer

Neovascularization of the disc (NVD)

Answer

Cotton wool spots

Answer

Severe retinal hemorrhages in 4 quadrants

Answer

Venous beading in 2 quadrants

Question 2

A 75-year-old patient reports sudden, painless, distorted central vision in one eye. OCT reveals subretinal fluid and intraretinal cysts. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?

Accepted Answer

Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection

Answer

Photodynamic therapy

Answer

Observation with an Amsler grid

Answer

Laser photocoagulation

Question 3

A patient presents with a sudden onset of numerous floaters and flashes of light, followed by a 'curtain' coming down over their vision. This presentation is most classic for which type of retinal detachment?

Accepted Answer

Rhegmatogenous

Answer

Tractional

Answer

Exudative

Answer

Serous

Question 4

An 80-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with sudden, profound, painless vision loss in his right eye. Fundus exam reveals a pale retina and a 'cherry-red spot' in the macula. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

Answer

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)

Answer

Ischemic optic neuropathy

Answer

Vitreous hemorrhage

Question 5

A 65-year-old patient with a history of hypertension is diagnosed with a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). What is the most common cause of vision loss in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Macular edema

Answer

Neovascular glaucoma

Answer

Vitreous hemorrhage

Answer

Tractional retinal detachment

Question 6

A young adult complains of progressive night blindness and peripheral vision loss. Fundus examination reveals mid-peripheral bone-spicule pigmentation, attenuated retinal arterioles, and waxy pallor of the optic disc. This triad of findings is classic for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer

Choroideremia

Answer

Gyrate atrophy

Answer

Cone-rod dystrophy

Question 7

A 72-year-old patient presents with severe pain, redness, and rapidly decreasing vision 3 days after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Examination reveals a significant anterior chamber reaction with a hypopyon. What is the most urgent diagnosis to consider?

Accepted Answer

Acute post-operative endophthalmitis

Answer

Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS)

Answer

Retained lens fragment

Answer

Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome