NASM Client Health and Fitness Assessments 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In the overhead squat assessment, the feet turning out indicates likely overactivity of which muscles?
- Gastrocnemius and soleus (lateral) (Correct answer)
- Anterior tibialis
- Gluteus medius
- Rectus abdominis
Correct answer: Gastrocnemius and soleus (lateral)
Feet turning out is associated with overactive lateral calf complex (gastrocnemius/soleus) and biceps femoris.
Question 2: During the overhead squat, the arms falling forward most commonly indicates overactive:
- Latissimus dorsi and pectorals (Correct answer)
- Lower trapezius
- Rhomboids
- Gluteus maximus
Correct answer: Latissimus dorsi and pectorals
Arms falling forward suggests overactive latissimus dorsi, teres major, and pectoral muscles.
Question 3: Knees moving inward during the overhead squat suggests underactivity of which muscle group?
- Gluteus medius/maximus (Correct answer)
- Adductors
- Hip flexors
- Calves
Correct answer: Gluteus medius/maximus
Knee valgus is linked to underactive gluteus medius and maximus along with overactive adductors.
Question 4: An excessive forward lean of the trunk during the overhead squat indicates overactivity of which muscles?
- Soleus, gastrocnemius, and hip flexor complex (Correct answer)
- Erector spinae
- Anterior tibialis
- Rhomboids
Correct answer: Soleus, gastrocnemius, and hip flexor complex
Forward trunk lean is associated with overactive calves and hip flexors and underactive glutes/core.
Question 5: From which view is the overhead squat assessment best observed to detect knees moving inward?
- Anterior (front) view (Correct answer)
- Posterior view only
- Overhead view
- Lateral view only
Correct answer: Anterior (front) view
Knee valgus is most clearly seen from the anterior view.
Question 6: A low-back arch (anterior pelvic tilt) during the overhead squat is observed from which view?
- Lateral (side) view (Correct answer)
- Anterior view
- Posterior view
- Top-down view
Correct answer: Lateral (side) view
Low-back arching is assessed from the lateral view of the overhead squat.
Question 7: The overhead squat assessment is best described as an assessment of:
- Dynamic posture and total-body movement (Correct answer)
- Maximal strength
- Cardiorespiratory fitness
- Static posture only
Correct answer: Dynamic posture and total-body movement
The overhead squat evaluates dynamic posture and integrated movement of the whole body.
NASM Client Health and Fitness Assessments 3
In the overhead squat assessment, the feet turning out indicates likely overactivity of which muscles?