NASM Chronic Health Conditions and Special Populations

Question 1

Which breathing technique should a personal trainer discourage in a client with hypertension during resistance training?

Accepted Answer

The Valsalva maneuver

Answer

The Valsalva maneuver (holding the breath while straining) sharply raises blood pressure and intrathoracic pressure. Clients with hypertension should exhale during exertion and avoid breath-holding.

Question 2

A client with type 2 diabetes who takes insulin is about to start a training session. What is the most important precaution?

Accepted Answer

Monitor blood glucose and have a fast-acting carbohydrate source available

Answer

Exercise lowers blood glucose, and insulin increases the risk of hypoglycemia. Trainers should have the client check glucose levels and keep fast-acting carbohydrates on hand.

Question 3

Which type of exercise should be limited or avoided for a client with osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Loaded spinal flexion and twisting movements

Answer

Loaded spinal flexion and rotation put compressive and shear stress on weakened vertebrae and raise fracture risk. Weight-bearing activity, resistance training and balance work are encouraged.

Question 4

What is the recommended starting approach for a previously sedentary client who is obese?

Accepted Answer

Low-impact, low-intensity exercise that gradually increases in duration

Answer

Obese, deconditioned clients should begin with low-impact, low-intensity activity such as walking or cycling and progress gradually. This reduces joint stress and injury risk and builds adherence.

Question 5

After the first trimester, which exercise position should a pregnant client generally avoid for prolonged periods?

Accepted Answer

Supine (lying on the back)

Answer

In the supine position, the enlarged uterus can compress the inferior vena cava. This reduces venous return and can cause dizziness or reduced blood flow to the fetus.

NASM Practice Test

NASM Practice Test

NASM Chronic Health Conditions and Special Populations