Gaokao Exam Biology: Genetics and Evolution 2

Question 1

What is the term for the observable physical characteristics of an organism determined by its genes and environment?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Phenotype refers to the physical expression of traits, such as eye color or height, influenced by both genotype and environment.

Question 2

In Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, genes on different chromosomes are inherited:

Accepted Answer

Independently of each other

Answer

Genes located on non-homologous chromosomes segregate independently during meiosis, producing varied combinations in offspring.

Question 3

Which process produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the normal chromosome number?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Meiosis is a two-stage cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes.

Question 4

Fossils, comparative anatomy, and DNA sequence comparisons are all types of evidence for:

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary relationships

Answer

These lines of evidence collectively support the theory of evolution by revealing shared ancestry and gradual change over time.

Question 5

What term describes the change in allele frequencies in a population due to random chance, especially in small populations?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Answer

Genetic drift is the random fluctuation of allele frequencies due to chance events, most significant in small populations.

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