APEA APEA Pharmacology Review Questions and Answers 3

Question 1

A nurse practitioner prescribes methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Which supplement should be co-prescribed to reduce mucosal and hematologic toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid

Answer

Methotrexate inhibits folate metabolism; supplementing with folic acid reduces side effects such as oral ulcers, nausea, and cytopenias without reducing efficacy.

Question 2

Which medication used for type 2 diabetes increases the risk of urinary tract infections and genital mycotic infections due to its mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer

SGLT-2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion, creating a favorable environment for bacterial and fungal growth in the genitourinary tract.

Question 3

A patient taking amiodarone for atrial fibrillation requires monitoring for which thyroid-related adverse effect?

Accepted Answer

Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

Answer

Amiodarone contains high iodine content and can cause both hypo- and hyperthyroidism; thyroid function must be monitored every 6 months.

Question 4

Which analgesic is most appropriate for mild-to-moderate pain in a patient with chronic kidney disease to avoid nephrotoxicity?

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen

Answer

Acetaminophen is the preferred analgesic in CKD patients because it is not nephrotoxic at standard doses, unlike NSAIDs which reduce renal prostaglandin-mediated blood flow.

Question 5

A patient with a penicillin allergy documented as anaphylaxis requires treatment for a serious infection. What is the cross-reactivity risk with cephalosporins?

Accepted Answer

1-2%

Answer

Cross-reactivity between penicillins and cephalosporins is approximately 1-2%, much lower than previously thought, though caution is still warranted with severe allergies.

APEA - Advanced Practice Education Associates Practice Test

APEA - Advanced Practice Education Associates Practice Test

APEA APEA Pharmacology Review Questions and Answers 3