APEA Pediatric Primary Care 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the most common bacterial cause of acute otitis media in children?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (Correct answer)
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Staphylococcus aureus
Correct answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common bacterial pathogen in acute otitis media, responsible for approximately 30-40% of cases.
Question 2: Which developmental milestone is expected by 12 months of age?
- Speaking 2-3 word phrases
- Drawing a circle
- Pointing to objects of interest (Correct answer)
- Walking up stairs independently
Correct answer: Pointing to objects of interest
Pointing to indicate interest is a key social-communication milestone expected by 12 months and is an early indicator of joint attention development.
Question 3: A 6-week-old male presents with projectile, non-bilious vomiting after every feeding. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Pyloric stenosis (Correct answer)
- Intussusception
- Hirschsprung disease
Correct answer: Pyloric stenosis
Pyloric stenosis classically presents at 2-8 weeks with projectile non-bilious vomiting due to hypertrophic pyloric muscle causing gastric outlet obstruction.
Question 4: According to ACIP guidelines, at what age is the HPV vaccine routinely recommended?
- 9 years
- 11-12 years (Correct answer)
- 15-16 years
- 18 years
Correct answer: 11-12 years
ACIP recommends routine HPV vaccination at age 11-12 years, though it can be administered as early as age 9 to allow for better immune response.
Question 5: A 3-year-old has hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dL with microcytic, hypochromic red cells. What is the first-line treatment?
- Blood transfusion
- Oral ferrous sulfate (Correct answer)
- Intramuscular iron dextran
- Vitamin B12 supplementation
Correct answer: Oral ferrous sulfate
Oral ferrous sulfate is the first-line treatment for iron deficiency anemia in children at a dose of 3-6 mg/kg/day of elemental iron.
Question 6: At what age does the USPSTF recommend beginning routine vision screening in children?
- 6 months
- 1 year
- 3 years (Correct answer)
- 6 years
Correct answer: 3 years
The USPSTF recommends vision screening for amblyopia and its risk factors in all children aged 3 to 5 years to detect the condition before school age.
Question 7: A child presents with a 'slapped cheek' rash followed by a lacy reticular rash on the extremities. Which pathogen is responsible?
- Human herpesvirus 6
- Parvovirus B19 (Correct answer)
- Varicella-zoster virus
- Rubella virus
Correct answer: Parvovirus B19
Parvovirus B19 causes erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease), characterized by the classic 'slapped cheek' facial erythema followed by a reticular rash on the trunk and extremities.
APEA Pediatric Primary Care 1
What is the most common bacterial cause of acute otitis media in children?