Pediatric Primary Care Flashcards

What is the most common bacterial cause of acute otitis media in children?

Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common bacterial pathogen in acute otitis media, responsible for approximately 30-40% of cases.

Which developmental milestone is expected by 12 months of age?

Answer: Pointing to objects of interest

Pointing to indicate interest is a key social-communication milestone expected by 12 months and is an early indicator of joint attention development.

A 6-week-old male presents with projectile, non-bilious vomiting after every feeding. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer: Pyloric stenosis

Pyloric stenosis classically presents at 2-8 weeks with projectile non-bilious vomiting due to hypertrophic pyloric muscle causing gastric outlet obstruction.

According to ACIP guidelines, at what age is the HPV vaccine routinely recommended?

Answer: 11-12 years

ACIP recommends routine HPV vaccination at age 11-12 years, though it can be administered as early as age 9 to allow for better immune response.

A 3-year-old has hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dL with microcytic, hypochromic red cells. What is the first-line treatment?

Answer: Oral ferrous sulfate

Oral ferrous sulfate is the first-line treatment for iron deficiency anemia in children at a dose of 3-6 mg/kg/day of elemental iron.

At what age does the USPSTF recommend beginning routine vision screening in children?

Answer: 3 years

The USPSTF recommends vision screening for amblyopia and its risk factors in all children aged 3 to 5 years to detect the condition before school age.

A child presents with a 'slapped cheek' rash followed by a lacy reticular rash on the extremities. Which pathogen is responsible?

Answer: Parvovirus B19

Parvovirus B19 causes erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease), characterized by the classic 'slapped cheek' facial erythema followed by a reticular rash on the trunk and extremities.