LTO Theoretical Practice Test 2026 — Free Questions & Answers 🎓

What Is the LTO Theoretical Exam?

The LTO Theoretical Exam — also called the written exam or knowledge test — is a mandatory assessment administered by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) of the Philippines. Every applicant for a new student permit, non-professional driver's license, or professional driver's license must pass this test before proceeding to the practical road skills evaluation. Practice with the free LTO - Exam Reviewer practice test on PracticeTestGeeks (600+ questions with answer explanations).

The exam is grounded in Republic Act 4136, the Land Transportation and Traffic Code, which governs all motor vehicles and traffic regulations across the Philippines. Passing the LTO theoretical exam proves that an applicant understands Philippine traffic laws, road signs, and safe driving principles before taking the wheel.

If you are preparing for the test, start with our LTO Philippines Driver's License Complete Guide 2026 for a full walkthrough of all licensing requirements, then use the LTO Exam Reviewer 2026 to practice with real exam-style questions.

Legal Basis: Republic Act 4136

RA 4136, enacted in 1964 and supplemented by numerous LTO memorandum circulars, defines speed limits, right-of-way rules, penalties for traffic violations, vehicle registration requirements, and driver licensing procedures. The LTO theoretical exam draws its question bank directly from this law and from the MMDA (Metro Manila Development Authority) traffic regulations that apply in urban areas.

The LTO CDE Online Validation Exam, used for driver's license renewal applications, has 25 questions. (Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines)
Under LTO Memorandum Circular No. AHS-2008-949, the LTO written exam for a non-professional driver's license has 40 questions. (elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph)
The LTO CDE Online Validation Exam has no time limit for answering the questions. (Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines)
To get a certificate from the LTO CDE Online Validation Exam, you need 80%, or at least 20 correct answers out of 25 questions. (Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines)
To pass the LTO written exam for a non-professional driver's license, an applicant needs at least 30 correct answers out of 40 questions. (elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph)
The LTO CDE Online Validation Exam is taken online through the LTMS portal, and you must log in to an LTMS account to take it. (Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines)

Facts verified Oct 17, 2026 against Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines. Dates that have passed are removed automatically.

LTO Exam at a Glance

Item	Detail	Official source
Number of questions (CDE Online Validation Exam (license renewal))	25 questions	Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines
Number of questions (Non-professional driver's license written exam)	40 questions	elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph
Number of questions (Professional driver's license written exam)	60 questions	elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph
Time limit (CDE Online Validation Exam (license renewal))	No time limit	Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines
Passing score (CDE Online Validation Exam (license renewal))	80% (20 of 25 correct)	Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines
Passing score (Non-professional driver's license written exam)	30 of 40 correct (75%)	elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph
Passing score (Practical driving exam)	70 points (start at 100, deductions for errors)	elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph
Passing score (Professional driver's license written exam)	45 of 60 correct (75%)	elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph
Delivery (CDE Online Validation Exam (license renewal))	Online via LTMS portal (login required)	Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines

Facts verified Oct 17, 2026 against Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines. Dates that have passed are removed automatically.

Free LTO - Exam Reviewer Study Tools

Interactive LTO - Exam Reviewer resources on PracticeTestGeeks, free to start:

Free LTO Traffic Safety Questions and Answers — 16 questions with instant scoring and answer explanations
LTO - Exam Reviewer flashcards — review key terms and concepts card by card
LTO - Exam Reviewer study guide — topic-by-topic overview of what the exam covers
LTO - Exam Reviewer cheat sheet — one-page printable summary for last-minute review

Exam Format & Passing Score

The LTO theoretical exam currently consists of 60 multiple-choice questions for non-professional license applicants and may include additional items for professional license applicants. The test is administered at any LTO licensing center nationwide and, increasingly, through the LTO iDrivePH online platform.

Key Exam Details

Number of questions: 60 items (non-professional); varies for professional
Question format: Multiple choice (A–D), some with photo-based sign identification
Passing score: 70% — you must answer at least 42 out of 60 correctly
Time limit: 30 minutes
Language: Filipino and English
Retake policy: If you fail, you may retake after paying the applicable fee; no penalty waiting period
Computer-based: Most LTO branches now use a computer-based testing (CBT) system

How to Take the LTO Theoretical Exam

Secure a transaction number via the LTO LTMS Portal (ltms-portal.lto.gov.ph) or visit your nearest LTO district office.
Bring valid government-issued ID and your medical certificate from an LTO-accredited clinic.
Pay the examination and licensing fees at the cashier.
Proceed to the CBT room and complete the 60-item test within the time limit.
Receive your result immediately on screen. Passing applicants proceed to photo capture and biometrics.

For a full step-by-step walkthrough of the licensing process, see the LTO Philippines Driver's License Complete Guide 2026. If you already have a license and need to renew, visit our LTO Driver's License Renewal Guide 2026.

Download or bookmark the official RA 4136 Land Transportation and Traffic Code and read Chapters II and III (traffic rules and speed limits).

Memorize all regulatory, warning, and informational traffic sign categories — focus on color, shape, and meaning.

Study speed limits for highways, expressways, school zones, residential areas, and EDSA/MMDA-specific rules.

Learn right-of-way rules at uncontrolled intersections, pedestrian crossings, and railroad crossings.

Review the Anti-Distracted Driving Act (RA 10913) penalties and prohibited behaviors while driving.

Understand vehicle registration requirements, emission testing schedules, and MVIS compliance rules.

Take at least 3 full 60-question mock exams under timed conditions using the LTO Exam Reviewer.

On exam day, arrive early, bring all required documents, and read each question carefully before selecting your answer.

Practice with the LTO Exam Reviewer

Pros

Industry-recognized credential boosts your resume
Higher earning potential (10-20% salary increase on average)
Demonstrates commitment to professional development
Opens doors to advanced career opportunities

Cons

Exam preparation requires significant time investment (4-8 weeks)
Certification fees can be $100-$400+
May require continuing education to maintain
Some employers may not require certification

Sample LTO - Exam Reviewer Practice Questions

Try these questions from our free LTO - Exam Reviewer practice tests. The correct answer and an explanation follow each question.

Which law governs the operation of public utility vehicles (PUVs) and the franchising of public land transportation services in the Philippines?
- A. RA 4136
- B. RA 6395
- C. EO 202 creating LTFRB
- D. PD 1112
Answer: C. EO 202 creating LTFRB
Executive Order 202 created the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB), which franchises and regulates PUV operations.
Under RA 10586, what is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) allowed for non-professional drivers in the Philippines?
- A. 0.00% (zero tolerance)
- B. 0.05%
- C. 0.08%
- D. 0.10%
Answer: B. 0.05%
Under RA 10586 (Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act), non-professional drivers must have a BAC below 0.05%.
Which law governs the use of child restraint systems for young passengers in the Philippines?
- A. RA 4136 (Land Transportation and Traffic Code)
- B. RA 11229 (Child Safety in Motor Vehicles Act)
- C. RA 8750 (Seat Belt Use Act)
- D. RA 10666 (Children's Safety on Motorcycles Act)
Answer: B. RA 11229 (Child Safety in Motor Vehicles Act)
RA 11229 specifically requires appropriate child restraint systems for young passengers in motor vehicles.
How much is the second violation fine in the Philippines for not using a seatbelt:
- A. PHP 2000
- B. PHP 1000
- C. PHP 2500
- D. PHP 5000
Answer: A. PHP 2000
Under the Seat Belts Use Act of 1999 (RA 8750) in the Philippines, non-compliance with seatbelt use carries penalties that increase with repeat offenses. For a second violation of not using a seatbelt, the fine imposed is PHP 2,000. This escalating penalty aims to reinforce the importance of seatbelt use for driver and passenger safety.

Take the full LTO - Exam Reviewer practice test

How many questions are on the LTO theoretical exam?

The LTO theoretical exam has 40 multiple-choice questions for non-professional driver's license applicants. Each question has four choices (A–D). You have 30 minutes to complete the exam and must answer at least 30 questions correctly (75%) to pass.

What is the passing score for the LTO written exam?

The passing score is 70%, which means you need to correctly answer at least 42 out of 60 questions. The result is displayed immediately after you finish the computer-based test. Applicants who fail may retake the exam after paying the required fee.

What topics are covered in the LTO theoretical exam?

The exam covers four main areas: (1) traffic signs — regulatory, warning, and informational; (2) traffic rules and road laws under Republic Act 4136; (3) safe driving practices including the Anti-Distracted Driving Act (RA 10913); and (4) vehicle registration and MVIS requirements.

Can I take the LTO theoretical exam online?

The LTO has been rolling out online and computer-based testing through the iDrivePH system and the LTMS portal. However, most applicants still take the exam in-person at an LTO licensing center. Check the official LTO website or LTMS portal for the latest online exam availability in your region.

What happens if I fail the LTO theoretical exam?

If you fail, you can retake the exam. There is no mandatory waiting period, but you must pay the examination fee again. You are allowed to review your answers after the exam to understand your weak areas before retaking. Many test centers allow same-day retakes if slots are available.

What is Republic Act 4136 and why does it matter for the LTO exam?

Republic Act 4136, the Land Transportation and Traffic Code, is the primary law governing all motor vehicles and traffic in the Philippines. Enacted in 1964, it defines speed limits, right-of-way rules, vehicle registration requirements, driver licensing procedures, and penalties for violations. The LTO theoretical exam draws heavily from RA 4136, so understanding its key provisions is essential to passing.

How long is the LTO?

The LTO CDE Online Validation Exam has no time limit for answering the questions. (Verified Oct 17, 2026 against Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines.)

LTO - Exam Reviewer Practice Test