Road signs are among the most heavily tested topics on the LTO (Land Transportation Office) theoretical exam in the Philippines. Under RA 4136 (Land Transportation and Traffic Code) and the sign standards set by the DPWH (Department of Public Works and Highways) and MMDA (Metropolitan Manila Development Authority), Philippine drivers must correctly identify and obey hundreds of signs across four categories: Regulatory, Warning, Informational, and Special. This 2026 reviewer covers every sign type, the most frequently tested signs on the LTO written exam, and a study checklist to help you pass on your first attempt. Start with our free LTO Theoretical Exam practice test to gauge your current level.
Facts verified Oct 17, 2026 against Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines. Dates that have passed are removed automatically.
| Item | Detail | Official source |
|---|---|---|
| Number of questions (CDE Online Validation Exam (license renewal)) | 25 questions | Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines |
| Number of questions (Non-professional driver's license written exam) | 40 questions | elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph |
| Number of questions (Professional driver's license written exam) | 60 questions | elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph |
| Time limit (CDE Online Validation Exam (license renewal)) | No time limit | Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines |
| Passing score (CDE Online Validation Exam (license renewal)) | 80% (20 of 25 correct) | Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines |
| Passing score (Non-professional driver's license written exam) | 30 of 40 correct (75%) | elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph |
| Passing score (Practical driving exam) | 70 points (start at 100, deductions for errors) | elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph |
| Passing score (Professional driver's license written exam) | 45 of 60 correct (75%) | elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph |
| Delivery (CDE Online Validation Exam (license renewal)) | Online via LTMS portal (login required) | Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines |
Facts verified Oct 17, 2026 against Land Transportation Office (LTO), Department of Transportation, Republic of the Philippines. Dates that have passed are removed automatically.
The LTO - Exam Reviewer road-signs section prepares you for LTO's official renewal test: 80% to pass, which is 20 correct out of 25 questions, with no time limit. Details are on LTO's CDE Online Validation Exam page.
The LTO theoretical exam — also called the LTO written exam — is a 40-item multiple-choice test that applicants for a Student Permit or a Non-Professional or Professional Driver's License must pass. A score of 30 out of 40 (75%) is required to pass. Road signs questions consistently account for 10 to 15 items — roughly one-quarter to one-third of the entire exam — making them the single largest topic block tested. Under Republic Act No. 10930, LTO must give both theoretical and practical examinations before it issues a license. Practice with the free LTO - Exam Reviewer practice test on PracticeTestGeeks (600+ questions with answer explanations).
The LTO bases its sign questions on the official Philippine sign standards published by the DPWH and adopted nationally under Republic Act 4136, the Land Transportation and Traffic Code. Signs follow international conventions (Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals) adapted for Philippine road conditions, including MMDA-specific signs used in Metro Manila. Understanding the color, shape, and symbol system behind Philippine road signs is the fastest path to mastering this section.
Questions typically show a sign image or describe a sign's color/shape and ask what it means, or describe a situation and ask which sign applies. The exam is administered via computer terminal at LTO offices using the LTMS (Land Transportation Management System) portal. Prepare with our dedicated LTO theoretical exam reviewer for full exam simulations.
Interactive LTO - Exam Reviewer resources on PracticeTestGeeks, free to start:
Based on the official LTO exam content framework and DPWH sign standards, the following signs appear most frequently in LTO exam questions. Study these with their exact descriptions, shapes, and colors.
| Sign Name | Shape / Color | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| STOP | Octagon / Red background, white text | Come to a complete stop. Proceed only when safe and clear. |
| YIELD | Inverted triangle / Red border, white interior | Slow down and give right-of-way to crossing traffic. Stop if necessary. |
| Speed Limit | Circle / Red border, white interior, black number | Maximum speed allowed on this road segment. Do not exceed. |
| No Entry | Circle / Red background, white horizontal bar | Entry strictly prohibited in this direction for all vehicles. |
| No U-Turn | Circle / Red border, U-turn symbol with red slash | U-turn is prohibited at this intersection or road segment. |
| No Parking | Circle / Red border, P with red slash | Parking prohibited. Stopping briefly to pick up/drop off may be allowed unless also prohibited. |
| No Overtaking | Circle / Red border, two cars with red slash | Passing or overtaking other vehicles is forbidden in this zone. |
| One Way | Rectangle / Black background, white arrow and text | Traffic flows in one direction only. Do not enter from opposite direction. |
| Keep Right | Circle / Blue background, white arrow | Vehicles must pass to the right of the obstruction, divider, or island. |
| Sign Name | Shape / Color | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| Curve Ahead | Diamond / Yellow, black curve arrow | Sharp curve approaching. Reduce speed before entering the curve. |
| Slippery Road | Diamond / Yellow, black car with skid marks | Road surface is slippery when wet. Reduce speed and increase following distance. |
| School Zone | Diamond (fluorescent yellow-green) / Two children figures | School ahead. Watch for children crossing. Speed limit typically 20 km/h during school hours. |
| Railroad Crossing | Circular / Yellow, black X with "RR" | Railway track crossing ahead. Slow down, look both ways, and stop if a train is approaching. |
| Road Narrows | Diamond / Yellow, two converging lines | Road width decreases ahead. Reduce speed and prepare for narrow section. |
| Pedestrian Crossing | Diamond / Yellow, walking person figure | Pedestrian crossing area ahead. Yield to pedestrians in the crosswalk. |
| Road Works / Construction | Diamond / Orange, person with shovel | Road construction or maintenance zone ahead. Reduce speed and follow flagman directions. |
For full exam practice covering all sign categories, use our LTO exam reviewer with 300+ practice questions. You can also review the LTO practical test guide to understand how sign knowledge is applied on the road. If you are still gathering your requirements, see the LTO license requirements page for the complete document checklist.
Try these questions from our free LTO - Exam Reviewer practice tests. The correct answer and an explanation follow each question.
Green road signs in the Philippines are primarily used to indicate:
Answer: B. Highway destination signs and distances
Green signs are used for highway and expressway destination guidance, showing directions to cities and towns along with distances.
What shape and color scheme is used for 'Warning' signs in the Philippines?
Answer: C. Triangle shape with a yellow or orange background
Warning signs use an equilateral triangle with a yellow or orange background, alerting drivers to hazards ahead.
Which of the following road markings indicates a bicycle lane in the Philippines?
Answer: C. A bicycle symbol painted on the road surface, often with a green or blue colored lane
Bicycle lanes in the Philippines are typically marked with a bicycle symbol on the pavement, and may be highlighted with green or blue coloring.
At a T-intersection with no signs or signals, vehicles on the through road:
Answer: B. Have the right-of-way over vehicles on the terminating road
At a T-intersection, vehicles on the through (continuing) road have the right-of-way over vehicles on the road that ends.