GNA Study Guide 2026

A glass oral thermometer should remain under the tongue for 3–5 minutes to obtain an accurate reading.

Open-ended questions invite the patient to self-report subjective changes in memory or thinking, which is more sensitive and respectful when screening for cognitive decline. Questions like 'What is today's date?' or 'Who is the president?' are formal cognitive tests, not conversational screening tools, and can feel demeaning rather than inviting honest disclosure.

Minced-and-moist diets require foods that are finely cut and moistened, such as ground meat in gravy, to ease safe swallowing.

Using a lift or draw sheet reduces friction and shear forces on the skin, which are major contributors to pressure injuries.

Vital signs must be recorded immediately and accurately after measurement to ensure the care team has up-to-date information for clinical decision-making.

Pale, cool, and clammy skin combined with low blood pressure and a rapid pulse are classic signs of shock or cardiovascular compromise, requiring immediate reporting.