Gaokao Exam Gaokao Biology: Cell Biology and Metabolism 1

Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, producing the majority of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation in the inner membrane.

Question 2

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which molecule acts as the primary electron donor?

Accepted Answer

Water (H₂O)

Answer

Water is split by photolysis in Photosystem II, donating electrons to replace those lost by chlorophyll and releasing O₂ as a byproduct.

Question 3

The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane describes the membrane as composed primarily of:

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Answer

The fluid mosaic model describes the membrane as a dynamic phospholipid bilayer in which proteins float and move laterally.

Question 4

An enzyme-catalyzed reaction proceeds 1000 times faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. The enzyme achieves this by:

Accepted Answer

Providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy

Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy by stabilizing the transition state, allowing more substrate molecules to reach the transition state at a given temperature.

Question 5

In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

During anaphase, cohesin proteins are cleaved, allowing sister chromatids to separate and be pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibers.

Gaokao Exam Practice Test

Gaokao Exam Practice Test

Gaokao Exam Gaokao Biology: Cell Biology and Metabolism 1