Gaokao Exam Gaokao Biology: Cell Biology and Metabolism 1

Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 2

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which molecule acts as the primary electron donor?

Accepted Answer

Water (H₂O)

Answer

NADPH

Answer

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Answer

Glucose

Question 3

The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane describes the membrane as composed primarily of:

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Answer

Glycogen and cholesterol

Answer

Cellulose fibers with channel proteins

Answer

A single layer of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 4

An enzyme-catalyzed reaction proceeds 1000 times faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. The enzyme achieves this by:

Accepted Answer

Providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy

Answer

Increasing the overall free energy change (ΔG)

Answer

Increasing substrate concentration

Answer

Changing the equilibrium constant of the reaction

Question 5

In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 6

Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis converts one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules with a net gain of 2 ATP

Answer

Glycolysis requires oxygen and occurs in the mitochondrial matrix

Answer

The Krebs cycle produces a net of 34 ATP per glucose molecule

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase) maintains the resting membrane potential by:

Accepted Answer

Moving 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ into the cell per cycle using ATP

Answer

Moving 2 Na⁺ out and 3 K⁺ into the cell per cycle

Answer

Allowing passive diffusion of both ions down their gradients

Answer

Using NADPH energy to pump equal numbers of both ions