CPHON Pediatric Blood Disorders and Hematology

Question 1

A child with sickle cell disease presents with severe bone pain, fever, and chest infiltrates. The nurse recognizes this as:

Accepted Answer

Acute chest syndrome

Answer

Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease is defined by a new pulmonary infiltrate with fever, chest pain, and respiratory symptoms.

Question 2

Which blood product is used FIRST-LINE for a child with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who has intracranial bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Platelet transfusion

Answer

Platelet transfusion is given urgently in ITP with life-threatening bleeding such as intracranial hemorrhage to raise the platelet count rapidly.

Question 3

A child with hemophilia A needs factor replacement. Which blood product is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII concentrate

Answer

Factor VIII concentrate directly replaces the deficient clotting factor in hemophilia A and is more effective and precise than FFP.

Question 4

A 6-year-old with beta-thalassemia major requires chronic transfusion therapy. Which complication must the nurse monitor for over time?

Accepted Answer

Iron overload (hemosiderosis)

Answer

Repeated transfusions in thalassemia major lead to iron overload, damaging the heart, liver, and endocrine organs.

Question 5

Which finding is characteristic of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in a pediatric oncology patient?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged PT/PTT, low fibrinogen, and thrombocytopenia

Answer

DIC is characterized by simultaneous clotting and bleeding, resulting in consumption of clotting factors and platelets, causing prolonged PT/PTT and low fibrinogen.

CPHON Exam Practice Test

CPHON Exam Practice Test

CPHON Pediatric Blood Disorders and Hematology