FREE Certified Pediatric Hematology Oncology Nurse MCQ Questions and Answer
The nurse is preparing a 14-year-old patient for her first chemotherapy treatment when she starts to cry and says, "I don't think I can do this." The nurse's top priorities are to:
Before and throughout chemotherapy, almost all patients experience anxiety and worry, so the nurse's top duty should be to provide the patient a chance to communicate her thoughts. Giving a patient some time to vent their emotions and gather their composure usually suffices to allow them to continue with their therapy, but the patient should be given as much time as necessary and should not be pressured into receiving treatment she is not emotionally ready for.
Which of the following might the renal system do in reaction to pain that is not being treated?
Unrelieved pain can cause hypokalemia, which can have an impact on many physiological systems. Hormones that control fluid and electrolyte balance are produced more frequently when pain is not addressed. Increased sodium levels and decreased potassium levels produce fluid retention and overload as well as an increase in heart and respiratory workload, which in turn raises blood pressure. The sympathetic nervous system is activated by pain, which also causes dilated pupils and increased perspiration.
Typhlitis, also known as neutropenic enterocolitis, has been identified in a patient. The main course of action is:
The main treatment for someone who has been diagnosed with neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Typhlitis is primarily a bacterial infection of the cecum, though it can also affect the colon. It is possible for ulcerations to form on the lining of the intestine and cecum, leading to perforation. The pathogens Clostridium difficile and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are most frequently linked to neutropenic enterocolitis.
During chemotherapy, a patient experiences excruciating vesicular and crusting blisters on the lips, mouth, and gums. The nurse's anticipated diagnosis is:
Oral herpes simplex virus is the likely diagnosis if a patient experiences excruciating vesicular and crusting blisters on the lips, mouth, and gums while receiving chemotherapy. Due to immunosuppression, chemotherapy might cause the herpes simplex virus to reactivate. Usually, the lesions last for one to two weeks. Antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir are used in treatment. Antiviral prophylaxis may be administered to some patients.
A brain tumor patient had a seizure and loses consciousness during it. The patient receives a score of 12 on the Glasgow coma scale when assessed 10 minutes after the seizure. What category does this patient fit into?
A 12 represents a moderate brain damage. The intensity of coma and altered states of consciousness are assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale. It consists of three parameters: verbal reaction (1–5), physical response (1–6), and eye opening response (1–4). The scores are totaled, and brain damage is categorized based on the score: severe head injury, coma (3 to 8).
Which of the following chemotherapeutic drug classes targets the cell cycle specifically?
Antimetabolites act during a particular stage of the cell cycle and are therefore cell-cycle specific. Antimetabolites prevent the metabolites needed for RNA and DNA synthesis from occurring (S phase action). Methotrexate, cytarabine, and 5-FU are antimetabolites. The cell cycle contains three distinct cell phases: the interphase (G1, where RNA and protein synthesis take place, S, where DNA synthesis takes place, and G2, where DNA synthesis is finished and mitotic spindles form), the mitotic phase (M, where mitosis with cell division takes place), and the dormant resting phase (G0).
Which stage of clinical trials does a drug's safety, dose, and side effects evaluation take place?
Phase I: The safety, dose, and side effects of a medicine or other treatment are assessed.