CLEP Psychology 2

Question 1

In classical conditioning, salivation to a bell that was previously paired with food is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A conditioned response

Answer

Salivation to the bell is a conditioned response — it was learned through repeated pairing of the neutral stimulus (bell) with the unconditioned stimulus (food).

Question 2

Which reinforcement schedule produces behavior most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable-ratio schedule

Answer

Variable-ratio schedules deliver reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses, producing the highest response rates and greatest resistance to extinction — similar to gambling.

Question 3

According to Piaget, object permanence — knowing an object exists even when out of sight — develops during the:

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Answer

Object permanence develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth to approximately age 2), as infants begin to form mental representations of objects.

Question 4

According to Craik and Lockhart's levels-of-processing model, which type of encoding produces the most durable memory?

Accepted Answer

Semantic encoding based on meaning

Answer

Semantic processing — encoding the meaning of information — creates the deepest level of processing and produces the strongest, most durable memory traces.

Question 5

The serial position effect in memory research refers to the finding that:

Accepted Answer

Items at the beginning and end of a list are recalled better than middle items

Answer

The serial position effect combines the primacy effect (first items rehearsed into long-term memory) and the recency effect (last items still in working memory), both yielding better recall than middle items.

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Psychology 2