CLEP CLEP Biology Microbiology and Immunology

Question 1

Which bacteria lack a cell wall, making them naturally resistant to penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Answer

Gram-positive bacteria

Answer

Gram-negative bacteria

Answer

Cyanobacteria

Question 2

What is the genetic material found in a retrovirus like HIV?

Accepted Answer

Single-stranded RNA

Answer

Double-stranded DNA

Answer

Single-stranded DNA

Answer

Double-stranded RNA

Question 3

Which bacterial structure allows genetic material to be transferred between cells through direct contact (conjugation)?

Accepted Answer

Sex pili

Answer

Flagella

Answer

Capsule

Answer

Endospore

Question 4

The lytic cycle of a bacteriophage ends with which event?

Accepted Answer

Lysis of the host cell and release of new phages

Answer

Integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome

Answer

Dormancy of the viral genome as a prophage

Answer

Formation of a lysogenic bacterium

Question 5

Which type of immunity involves T cells and B cells responding specifically to pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Answer

Non-specific immunity

Question 6

The outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria that acts as an endotoxin is called:

Accepted Answer

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Answer

Peptidoglycan

Answer

Teichoic acid

Answer

Protein A