CLEP Biology Molecular & Cellular Biology 5

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules using hydrolytic enzymes

Answer

Lysosomes contain acid hydrolases that digest worn-out organelles, phagocytized pathogens, and macromolecules in a process called autophagy or phagocytosis.

Question 2

Which process allows cells to take in large particles by engulfing them with the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Phagocytosis ('cell eating') involves the plasma membrane extending pseudopods to engulf large particles into a phagosome.

Question 3

What is the function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They protect chromosome ends from degradation and prevent end-to-end fusion

Answer

Telomeres are repetitive non-coding sequences at chromosome ends that protect chromosomes from degradation and prevent inappropriate recombination.

Question 4

In the lac operon of E. coli, the operon is induced (turned on) when:

Accepted Answer

Lactose is present and glucose is absent

Answer

When lactose is present and glucose is absent, allolactose (a lactose derivative) binds the repressor, freeing the operator and allowing transcription.

Question 5

Which of the following describes a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Only eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ER, which are absent in prokaryotes.

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Biology Molecular & Cellular Biology 5