CLEP Biology Molecular & Cellular Biology 5

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules using hydrolytic enzymes

Answer

Synthesis of lipids

Answer

Production of ATP

Answer

Export of proteins from the cell

Question 2

Which process allows cells to take in large particles by engulfing them with the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Pinocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 3

What is the function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They protect chromosome ends from degradation and prevent end-to-end fusion

Answer

They encode ribosomal RNA genes

Answer

They initiate DNA replication at origins

Answer

They attach chromosomes to the spindle apparatus

Question 4

In the lac operon of E. coli, the operon is induced (turned on) when:

Accepted Answer

Lactose is present and glucose is absent

Answer

Glucose is abundant and lactose is absent

Answer

Both glucose and lactose are absent

Answer

The repressor protein binds to the operator

Question 5

Which of the following describes a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Only eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Only prokaryotes have DNA

Answer

Only prokaryotes have ribosomes

Answer

Only eukaryotes have a cell membrane

Question 6

What is the primary role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It modulates membrane fluidity and stability

Answer

It acts as a channel protein for ion transport

Answer

It serves as a receptor for signaling molecules

Answer

It provides energy during membrane repair

Question 7

Which event occurs during the G2 checkpoint of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

The cell verifies that DNA replication is complete and no damage remains before mitosis

Answer

The cell checks for sufficient cell size before DNA replication

Answer

Sister chromatids are verified to be attached to spindle fibers

Answer

The cell checks for extracellular growth signals