1. In the late 1920's, after examining the photographs of the structural appearance
2. of galaxies, Edwin P. Hubble, the American astronomer, classified the galaxies
3. into three distinct groups. These galaxies are comprised of stars that have
4. diverse structure, unequal degree of brightness, and definitely varied sizes
5. One group spirals, is highly luminous and has either a normal or a barred
6. structure. Normal spirals have two arms which radiate from the center of the
7. galaxy to the exterior edges. The two contrasting arms are enclosed in a disk
8. structure made of stars, however, in the barred structure the arms radiate
9. from the top and the bottom of a bright bar that goes through the nucleus of the
10. galaxy. Barred spirals account for nearly 25 percent of all spirals. Over two-
11. thirds of eminent, highly luminous galaxies are Spirals. The Milky Way and
12. The Andromeda are examples of spiral galaxies. Another group referred to as
13. elliptical galaxies exhibits soft, but dim brightness and has two subgroups: The
14. giant and the dwarf. While the giant elliptical galaxies have countless large
15. luminous stars, the dwarf ellipticals have a smaller number of less luminous
16. stars. Together they make up less than one-third of the galaxies. The last group
17. is the irregularly-shaped galaxies, which are non-symmetric, and their pattern is
18. rather chaotic. They account for 3% of the galaxies and their luminosity is
19. quite grainy. The Magellanic Cloud is an example of an irregularly shaped-galaxy.
Which of the following methods of development is used in the passage?
1. Dorothy Arzner, born on January 3, 1990, in San Francisco, is one of
2. the most significant early movie directors. She was the only woman director in
3. Hollywood during the 1930's and 1940"s. The theme of her movies centered
4. mostly around women's issues prevalent at the time. She strongly favored an
5. unstereotyped role of women. For instance, in Christopher Strong produced,
6. in 1933, she portrayed Amy Johnson, who was a pilot. She not only resented
7. seeing women as amorists and followers, but wanted them to have dynamic
8. aspirations and powerful characteristics. Her most productive years i feature
9. films (1927-1942) have intrigued a great number of feminist critics.
10. She started her directing career at the bottom of the ladder. In order to become
11. acquainted with all the areas of the movie industry, she held her first job as
12. script typist and edited movies. Her editing talent in the film Blood and Sand
13. featuring Rudolph Valentino caught James Cruze's attention. Later, she was
14. promoted to a screenplay writer. Her directing career at Paramount did not
15. start until after her work on the film The Covered Wagon (1923) by James
16. Cruze.
17. After leaving Paramount, from 1930 to 1943, she directed movies
18. independently. Some well-known actresses she worked with are Katherine
19. Hepburn and Joan Crawford. One of her best films Dance, Girl, Dance (1940)
20. exemplifies the characteristics of fame and possibilities of exploitation of
21. sexual representations. Her innovative methods in film-splicing and editing
22. for silent movies won her acclaim. Because of failing health and disinterest
23. in the shallow world of Hollywood, she retired. Her successful career as a
24. director includes 17 movies, most of which were box-office hits.
In lines 8-9, the phrase "feature first have intrigued" could best be replaced by which of the following?
1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the
2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed
4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a
5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion
6. of a product.
7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to
8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the
9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,
10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the
11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned
12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and
13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the
14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users
15. or frequent users.
16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:
17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the
18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer
19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas
20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.
The word "interpret" in line 20 could best be replaced by which of the following?1. Dorothy Arzner, born on January 3, 1990, in San Francisco, is one of
2. the most significant early movie directors. She was the only woman director in
3. Hollywood during the 1930's and 1940"s. The theme of her movies centered
4. mostly around women's issues prevalent at the time. She strongly favored an
5. unstereotyped role of women. For instance, in Christopher Strong produced,
6. in 1933, she portrayed Amy Johnson, who was a pilot. She not only resented
7. seeing women as amorists and followers, but wanted them to have dynamic
8. aspirations and powerful characteristics. Her most productive years i feature
9. films (1927-1942) have intrigued a great number of feminist critics.
10. She started her directing career at the bottom of the ladder. In order to become
11. acquainted with all the areas of the movie industry, she held her first job as
12. script typist and edited movies. Her editing talent in the film Blood and Sand
13. featuring Rudolph Valentino caught James Cruze's attention. Later, she was
14. promoted to a screenplay writer. Her directing career at Paramount did not
15. start until after her work on the film The Covered Wagon (1923) by James
16. Cruze.
17. After leaving Paramount, from 1930 to 1943, she directed movies
18. independently. Some well-known actresses she worked with are Katherine
19. Hepburn and Joan Crawford. One of her best films Dance, Girl, Dance (1940)
20. exemplifies the characteristics of fame and possibilities of exploitation of
21. sexual representations. Her innovative methods in film-splicing and editing
22. for silent movies won her acclaim. Because of failing health and disinterest
23. in the shallow world of Hollywood, she retired. Her successful career as a
24. director includes 17 movies, most of which were box-office hits.
Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?
1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the
2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed
4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a
5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion
6. of a product.
7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to
8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the
9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,
10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the
11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned
12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and
13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the
14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users
15. or frequent users.
16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:
17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the
18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer
19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas
20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.
The author presents the term "Usage pattern segmentation" in line 13 with1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the
2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed
4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a
5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion
6. of a product.
7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to
8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the
9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,
10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the
11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned
12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and
13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the
14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users
15. or frequent users.
16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:
17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the
18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer
19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas
20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.
According to the passage, what is "macrosegmentation" concerned with?1. Dorothy Arzner, born on January 3, 1990, in San Francisco, is one of
2. the most significant early movie directors. She was the only woman director in
3. Hollywood during the 1930's and 1940"s. The theme of her movies centered
4. mostly around women's issues prevalent at the time. She strongly favored an
5. unstereotyped role of women. For instance, in Christopher Strong produced,
6. in 1933, she portrayed Amy Johnson, who was a pilot. She not only resented
7. seeing women as amorists and followers, but wanted them to have dynamic
8. aspirations and powerful characteristics. Her most productive years i feature
9. films (1927-1942) have intrigued a great number of feminist critics.
10. She started her directing career at the bottom of the ladder. In order to become
11. acquainted with all the areas of the movie industry, she held her first job as
12. script typist and edited movies. Her editing talent in the film Blood and Sand
13. featuring Rudolph Valentino caught James Cruze's attention. Later, she was
14. promoted to a screenplay writer. Her directing career at Paramount did not
15. start until after her work on the film The Covered Wagon (1923) by James
16. Cruze.
17. After leaving Paramount, from 1930 to 1943, she directed movies
18. independently. Some well-known actresses she worked with are Katherine
19. Hepburn and Joan Crawford. One of her best films Dance, Girl, Dance (1940)
20. exemplifies the characteristics of fame and possibilities of exploitation of
21. sexual representations. Her innovative methods in film-splicing and editing
22. for silent movies won her acclaim. Because of failing health and disinterest
23. in the shallow world of Hollywood, she retired. Her successful career as a
24. director includes 17 movies, most of which were box-office hits.
The word "prevalent" in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the
2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed
4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a
5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion
6. of a product.
7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to
8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the
9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,
10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the
11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned
12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and
13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the
14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users
15. or frequent users.
16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:
17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the
18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer
19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas
20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.
The word "potential" in line 14 could best be replaced by which of the following?1. Dorothy Arzner, born on January 3, 1990, in San Francisco, is one of
2. the most significant early movie directors. She was the only woman director in
3. Hollywood during the 1930's and 1940"s. The theme of her movies centered
4. mostly around women's issues prevalent at the time. She strongly favored an
5. unstereotyped role of women. For instance, in Christopher Strong produced,
6. in 1933, she portrayed Amy Johnson, who was a pilot. She not only resented
7. seeing women as amorists and followers, but wanted them to have dynamic
8. aspirations and powerful characteristics. Her most productive years i feature
9. films (1927-1942) have intrigued a great number of feminist critics.
10. She started her directing career at the bottom of the ladder. In order to become
11. acquainted with all the areas of the movie industry, she held her first job as
12. script typist and edited movies. Her editing talent in the film Blood and Sand
13. featuring Rudolph Valentino caught James Cruze's attention. Later, she was
14. promoted to a screenplay writer. Her directing career at Paramount did not
15. start until after her work on the film The Covered Wagon (1923) by James
16. Cruze.
17. After leaving Paramount, from 1930 to 1943, she directed movies
18. independently. Some well-known actresses she worked with are Katherine
19. Hepburn and Joan Crawford. One of her best films Dance, Girl, Dance (1940)
20. exemplifies the characteristics of fame and possibilities of exploitation of
21. sexual representations. Her innovative methods in film-splicing and editing
22. for silent movies won her acclaim. Because of failing health and disinterest
23. in the shallow world of Hollywood, she retired. Her successful career as a
24. director includes 17 movies, most of which were box-office hits.
What does the statement "She strongly favored an unstereotyped role for women" in lines 4-5 mean?
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