PDVL Study Guide 2026

The PHC decal is a mandatory identifier showing the vehicle is properly registered and authorised for private hire use. It helps passengers verify they are getting into a legitimate vehicle.

If a breakdown occurs on an expressway, the driver should move the vehicle to the emergency lane (left hard shoulder) immediately, activate hazard lights, place warning triangles at least 45 metres behind the vehicle to warn approaching traffic, and call for roadside assistance. Never remain in a live traffic lane.

Operating a private hire car for hire and reward without a valid PDVL is a criminal offence under the Road Traffic Act. The individual driver is personally liable, and licensed platform operators are required by LTA to ensure that all drivers on their platform hold valid PDVLs before they can accept bookings.

The East Coast Parkway (ECP) runs along Singapore's eastern coastline and is the primary expressway connecting the city centre to the Changi Airport area, as well as to the eastern residential towns and the East Coast Park.

Licensed PHC operators in Singapore are required by LTA to retain records of all bookings, including driver details, trip details, and fare information, for a minimum period to facilitate audits, investigations, and enforcement actions if disputes or incidents arise.

End-of-shift routines should include checking for lost items, cleaning the interior, reviewing the day's performance, refuelling, and reporting any vehicle maintenance issues.