PDVL - Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence — Questions and Answers

Question 1: When is a PHC driver permitted to use the bus lane in Singapore?

At all times if carrying passengers
During the hours when the bus lane is not in operation (outside restricted hours shown on the bus lane sign) (Correct answer)
Never — bus lanes are exclusively for public buses
Only during peak hours when traffic is heavy

Correct answer: During the hours when the bus lane is not in operation (outside restricted hours shown on the bus lane sign)

Bus lanes in Singapore operate only during specified hours (shown on the bus lane signs, typically morning and evening peak hours). Outside these restricted hours, PHC drivers and other vehicles may use the bus lane. Driving in a bus lane during restricted hours is a traffic offence.

Question 2: What should a PDVL driver do if a passenger appears intoxicated?

Ask the passenger to pay extra
Refuse to pick them up
Accept the ride but take precautions: confirm the destination, drive carefully, and ensure the passenger arrives safely; refuse only if the passenger is violent or disruptive (Correct answer)
Drop the passenger at the nearest police station

Correct answer: Accept the ride but take precautions: confirm the destination, drive carefully, and ensure the passenger arrives safely; refuse only if the passenger is violent or disruptive

PDVL drivers should exercise professional judgement. Accept intoxicated passengers unless they are violent or likely to damage the vehicle. Confirm the destination and ensure they arrive safely.

Question 3: What should a driver do if a passenger leaves personal belongings in the vehicle?

Keep the items until the passenger contacts them
Contact the passenger through the platform to arrange return of the items, and hand items to the platform operator or police if the passenger cannot be reached (Correct answer)
Use the contact details to reach the passenger directly outside the platform
Dispose of unclaimed items after 24 hours

Correct answer: Contact the passenger through the platform to arrange return of the items, and hand items to the platform operator or police if the passenger cannot be reached

If a passenger leaves belongings in the vehicle, the driver should promptly notify the platform operator and attempt to contact the passenger through the platform's official channels. Unclaimed items should be handed to the platform operator or police. Drivers must not keep lost property.

Question 4: If a PHC driver's navigation app loses signal, what is the best course of action?

Use knowledge of Singapore's road network, look for road signs, and if necessary, pull over safely to reconnect or use an alternative navigation method (Correct answer)
Stop in the current lane until the signal returns
Ask the passenger to navigate verbally
Drive in circles until the app reconnects

Correct answer: Use knowledge of Singapore's road network, look for road signs, and if necessary, pull over safely to reconnect or use an alternative navigation method

Loss of navigation signal is a common occurrence. Professional PHC drivers should have sufficient knowledge of Singapore's road network to navigate by road signs and landmark knowledge. If needed, they should pull over safely to troubleshoot the navigation app rather than driving distracted.

Question 5: How should a PDVL driver communicate with passengers who speak different languages?

Refuse passengers who do not speak English
Use simple English, the in-app messaging features, gestures, or translation apps to communicate effectively and politely (Correct answer)
Do not communicate at all
Insist they speak Mandarin

Correct answer: Use simple English, the in-app messaging features, gestures, or translation apps to communicate effectively and politely

Singapore is a multilingual society with many foreign visitors. PDVL drivers should use simple language, in-app features (destination shown on app), and basic courtesy in any language to communicate effectively.

Question 6: How should a PHC driver perform a quick brake check before commencing a shift?

Only check brakes after completing the first passenger trip
Press the brake pedal firmly while stationary to check for firmness and any unusual feel (Correct answer)
Ask a passenger to evaluate how quickly the car stops
Apply hard braking at speed in an empty carpark to test stopping distance

Correct answer: Press the brake pedal firmly while stationary to check for firmness and any unusual feel

A firm brake pedal when pressed while stationary indicates a healthy brake system; a soft or spongy feel may signal fluid loss or air in the lines, requiring immediate inspection.

Question 7: Under Singapore's Certificate of Entitlement (COE) scheme, what is the maximum age a private hire car can reach before it must be deregistered?

15 years
10 years (Correct answer)
12 years
8 years

Correct answer: 10 years

All cars in Singapore, including private hire vehicles, must be deregistered at 10 years of age unless the owner renews the COE.

Question 8: What is the demerit points threshold in Singapore at which a driving licence is suspended?

12 demerit points within 12 months
24 demerit points within 24 months (Correct answer)
18 demerit points within 12 months
36 demerit points at any time

Correct answer: 24 demerit points within 24 months

Under Singapore's demerit point system, a driver's licence is suspended when the driver accumulates 24 or more demerit points within any 24-month period. New drivers (within 12 months of passing the test) have a lower threshold of 13 points within 12 months.

Question 9: Under Singapore's rules, how many passengers may a standard 4-door private hire sedan carry?

A maximum of 4 passengers (excluding the driver) (Correct answer)
6 passengers if child seats are installed
5 passengers including the driver
3 passengers to allow comfortable spacing

Correct answer: A maximum of 4 passengers (excluding the driver)

A standard private hire sedan (saloon car) may carry a maximum of 4 passengers in addition to the driver. Exceeding this limit is an offence and may also affect the vehicle's insurance coverage for the journey.

Question 10: What is 'dangerous driving' under the Road Traffic Act?

Driving with a passenger blocking the rear view
Driving 10 km/h above the speed limit
Driving in a manner that falls far below the standard expected of a competent and careful driver and where it would be obvious that driving in that way would be dangerous (Correct answer)
Driving in heavy rain without headlights

Correct answer: Driving in a manner that falls far below the standard expected of a competent and careful driver and where it would be obvious that driving in that way would be dangerous

Dangerous driving is defined as driving that falls far below the standard expected of a competent and careful driver, where it is obvious that the manner of driving would be dangerous either to other road users or to property.

Question 11: How should a PDVL driver assist passengers with disabilities?

Charge extra for assistance
Offer assistance with boarding and alighting, secure wheelchairs or mobility aids safely, be patient, and treat all passengers with dignity and respect (Correct answer)
Refuse to pick up disabled passengers
Let them manage without help

Correct answer: Offer assistance with boarding and alighting, secure wheelchairs or mobility aids safely, be patient, and treat all passengers with dignity and respect

PDVL drivers should assist passengers with disabilities: help with doors, offer assistance with mobility aids, be patient, and ensure they travel safely and comfortably. Discrimination is illegal.

Question 12: What action must a PDVL holder take if their residential address changes?

Notify LTA of the address change within the timeframe required by LTA regulations (Correct answer)
Notify only the platform operator, not LTA
Update the information on the platform app only
No notification is required until licence renewal

Correct answer: Notify LTA of the address change within the timeframe required by LTA regulations

PDVL holders are required to notify LTA of any changes to their personal particulars, including residential address, within the timeframe specified by LTA. Keeping LTA's records updated is a regulatory requirement, not just an administrative convenience.

Question 13: What should a PDVL driver do if a passenger asks to be taken to an illegal destination or activity?

Politely decline the request, as participating in or facilitating illegal activities can result in criminal liability for the driver (Correct answer)
Accept as the customer is always right
Report the passenger to the platform only after the trip
Negotiate a higher fare

Correct answer: Politely decline the request, as participating in or facilitating illegal activities can result in criminal liability for the driver

PDVL drivers must not facilitate illegal activities. Politely decline and, if appropriate, report suspicious activity to the police. Drivers can be charged as accessories to crimes they knowingly facilitate.

Question 14: When approaching a pedestrian crossing with a pedestrian waiting to cross in Singapore, what must a driver do?

Sound the horn to alert the pedestrian and proceed
Slow down only if the pedestrian steps onto the road
Flash headlights to signal the pedestrian to wait
Stop and give way to the pedestrian (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Stop and give way to the pedestrian

Under Singapore's Road Traffic Act, drivers must stop and give way to pedestrians who are at or near a pedestrian crossing and waiting to cross. Failure to give way to pedestrians at crossings is an offence and carries demerit points.

Question 15: Under LTA regulations, which of the following is a PDVL driver NOT permitted to do?

Transport a maximum of 6 passengers if using a larger MPV vehicle
Offer advance bookings through a licensed platform
Pick up street-hail passengers without a prior booking through an approved platform (Correct answer)
Drive passengers to Changi Airport

Correct answer: Pick up street-hail passengers without a prior booking through an approved platform

PDVL drivers are not permitted to pick up street-hail passengers — all bookings must be made through a licensed ride-hailing platform in advance. Only licensed taxi drivers (with a TDVL) may accept street hails.

Question 16: What precaution should a PHC driver take when driving near large vehicles like trucks and buses?

Maintain a greater following distance and avoid lingering in the blind spots of large vehicles (Correct answer)
Stay close behind large vehicles to benefit from their windshielding effect
Sound the horn frequently to alert large vehicle drivers of your presence
Overtake large vehicles quickly on the left side

Correct answer: Maintain a greater following distance and avoid lingering in the blind spots of large vehicles

Large vehicles have significantly larger blind spots than passenger cars. PHC drivers should maintain a larger following distance from large vehicles and avoid staying in their blind spot zones (alongside or just behind). If you can't see the truck driver's mirrors, they can't see you.

Question 17: What should a PHC driver do if they feel drowsy during a long trip?

Pull over safely to a rest area and take a short rest before continuing (Correct answer)
Open a window and continue driving to the destination
Drink an energy beverage while driving
Drive faster to complete the trip sooner

Correct answer: Pull over safely to a rest area and take a short rest before continuing

Drowsy driving is a major cause of serious accidents. If a PHC driver feels drowsy, they must pull over safely at a rest area or car park (not on the road shoulder), take a rest or short nap, before resuming driving. Passenger safety must never be compromised.

Question 18: A passenger complains that the driver took a longer route than necessary. What is the correct response?

Argue that the route was correct and refuse to engage further
Claim the GPS was responsible and take no further action
Apologise if appropriate, explain the route taken and any reasons (such as traffic), and offer to adjust the fare if required by the platform (Correct answer)
Offer a discount for future trips but deny any wrongdoing

Correct answer: Apologise if appropriate, explain the route taken and any reasons (such as traffic), and offer to adjust the fare if required by the platform

Professional PHC drivers should handle complaints calmly and professionally. If a passenger believes the route was unnecessarily long, the driver should listen, explain the reasoning, and where appropriate, take action through the platform's fare adjustment process. Courtesy and transparency are key.

Question 19: What does a flashing amber traffic light signal mean in Singapore?

Stop immediately as the light is about to turn red
All traffic must halt until the light returns to normal operation
Only authorised vehicles may proceed
Proceed with caution — you may pass but must give way to pedestrians and other traffic (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Proceed with caution — you may pass but must give way to pedestrians and other traffic

A flashing amber signal at a traffic junction means drivers may proceed but must exercise caution and give way to pedestrians crossing the road and to other traffic. This signal is often used during off-peak hours.

Question 20: How should a PDVL driver position their phone/GPS device safely in the vehicle?

Hold it in one hand while driving
Strap it to the steering wheel
Place it on the passenger seat
Mount it securely on a dashboard or windscreen holder at eye level, not obstructing the view, and set the destination before driving (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Mount it securely on a dashboard or windscreen holder at eye level, not obstructing the view, and set the destination before driving

The device should be in a secure mount that allows the driver to see the screen without taking their eyes far from the road. It should not obstruct the view, and destinations should be set before moving.

Question 21: What digital payment methods must PDVL drivers be prepared to accept in Singapore?

Multiple payment methods including in-app payment (credit/debit cards), GrabPay, digital wallets, and cash as supported by the platform (Correct answer)
Cash only
Only cryptocurrency
Only NETS

Correct answer: Multiple payment methods including in-app payment (credit/debit cards), GrabPay, digital wallets, and cash as supported by the platform

PDVL drivers should be prepared for various payment methods offered through the platform. Most rides are paid via the app (card or e-wallet), but some platforms still allow cash options.

Question 22: What happens if a PDVL holder accumulates excessive demerit points?

Nothing happens
Only a warning letter is sent
Only a fine is imposed
The PDVL may be suspended or revoked by LTA, and the driver cannot operate as a private hire car driver during the suspension (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The PDVL may be suspended or revoked by LTA, and the driver cannot operate as a private hire car driver during the suspension

Excessive demerit points can lead to PDVL suspension or revocation. This is in addition to any action on the regular driving licence by the Traffic Police.

Question 23: Private hire cars in Singapore must be rented through or affiliated with a licensed:

Any car rental company regardless of licensing
The individual driver's personal car
A taxi company with a standard taxi fleet licence
Private hire car operator (ride-hailing platform holder) licensed by LTA (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Private hire car operator (ride-hailing platform holder) licensed by LTA

Private hire cars must be operated through or affiliated with a licensed private hire car operator — such as Grab or Gojek — that holds an operating licence from LTA. Individual drivers cannot independently pick up street-hail passengers; all bookings must be made through the platform.

Question 24: What should a PHC driver do when approaching a 'Road Works Ahead' sign?

Sound the horn to warn road workers of the approaching vehicle
Reduce speed, be alert for road workers and construction vehicles, and follow the temporary traffic control signs (Correct answer)
Maintain current speed as road works signs are advisory only
Move to the rightmost lane immediately

Correct answer: Reduce speed, be alert for road workers and construction vehicles, and follow the temporary traffic control signs

Road works signs are warnings of hazards ahead. PHC drivers should reduce speed, remain alert for road workers, construction equipment, and lane changes, and follow all temporary traffic control signs or signals. Road workers are particularly vulnerable road users.

Question 25: Which symptom most strongly suggests that a PHC vehicle's tyres or suspension require immediate professional attention?

The tyres are a different brand from the original factory fitment
The tyre size differs slightly from the vehicle handbook recommendation
The vehicle consistently pulls to one side when driving on a straight road (Correct answer)
The tyres are approaching their second anniversary of fitting

Correct answer: The vehicle consistently pulls to one side when driving on a straight road

A vehicle pulling to one side while driving straight typically indicates uneven tyre pressure, uneven tyre wear, or a wheel alignment problem that must be addressed promptly.

Question 26: What legislation governs private hire car services in Singapore?

No specific legislation exists
Only taxi regulations apply
Only the Road Traffic Act
The Third-Party Taxi & Private Hire Car Services Act and the Road Traffic Act (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Third-Party Taxi & Private Hire Car Services Act and the Road Traffic Act

Private hire car services are governed by the Third-Party Taxi & Private Hire Car Services Act (regulating platforms and drivers) and the Road Traffic Act (governing road use and driving standards).

Question 27: What should a PDVL driver do if a passenger requests to take a route different from the GPS recommendation?

Accommodate the passenger's preferred route if it is reasonable and safe, as the passenger may know a better way due to traffic conditions (Correct answer)
Charge extra for deviation from GPS route
Always follow GPS regardless of passenger preference
Refuse and cancel the trip

Correct answer: Accommodate the passenger's preferred route if it is reasonable and safe, as the passenger may know a better way due to traffic conditions

Professional drivers should accommodate reasonable route requests from passengers. The passenger may have local knowledge about traffic or prefer a specific route. If the route seems unreasonable, explain why politely.

Question 28: What should a PHC driver do when navigation app instructions conflict with actual road conditions (such as a road closure)?

Stop the vehicle and wait for the GPS to recalculate before proceeding
Follow the GPS instructions even if there is a road closure
Call the passenger to ask for directions
Ignore the GPS and use their own knowledge of Singapore roads to find the best available alternative route (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ignore the GPS and use their own knowledge of Singapore roads to find the best available alternative route

GPS navigation systems may not immediately reflect road closures, accidents, or new traffic management measures. PHC drivers should be familiar with Singapore's road network and be able to adapt to real-time conditions, using their own road knowledge when the GPS route is unavailable.

Question 29: What is the legal position on surge pricing for private hire car services in Singapore?

Surge pricing is permitted but must be transparently displayed to passengers before they confirm the booking (Correct answer)
Only taxis can use surge pricing
Surge pricing is banned
Surge pricing is unregulated

Correct answer: Surge pricing is permitted but must be transparently displayed to passengers before they confirm the booking

Dynamic or surge pricing is permitted for private hire services but must be transparently communicated. Passengers must see and agree to the fare before confirming the booking.

Question 30: How should a PDVL driver handle a complaint from a passenger during a trip?

Listen calmly, acknowledge the concern, apologise if appropriate, and try to resolve the issue professionally without escalation (Correct answer)
Ignore the complaint
End the trip immediately
Argue with the passenger

Correct answer: Listen calmly, acknowledge the concern, apologise if appropriate, and try to resolve the issue professionally without escalation

Professional complaint handling involves active listening, acknowledging the passenger's concern, apologising where appropriate, and finding a solution. Never argue or become confrontational.

Question 31: Can a PDVL driver pick up street hails (flagging passengers on the road)?

Only in certain zones
Only during peak hours
No, PDVL drivers can only accept bookings through licensed ride-hailing platforms; street hails are reserved for taxi drivers (Correct answer)
Yes, just like taxi drivers

Correct answer: No, PDVL drivers can only accept bookings through licensed ride-hailing platforms; street hails are reserved for taxi drivers

Private hire car drivers cannot pick up street hails — this is the key distinction between private hire cars and taxis. All PHC trips must be booked through a licensed ride-hailing platform.

Question 32: What does PDVL stand for in Singapore?

Public Driver's Vocational Licence
Professional Driving Verification Licence
Private Driver's Vehicle Licence
Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence

PDVL stands for Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence, required for anyone who drives private hire vehicles for services like Grab and Gojek in Singapore.

Question 33: What insurance requirements apply to private hire vehicles in Singapore?

The vehicle must have commercial motor insurance covering fare-paying passengers, which is different from personal car insurance (Correct answer)
No insurance is required
Personal car insurance is sufficient
Only third-party insurance is needed

Correct answer: The vehicle must have commercial motor insurance covering fare-paying passengers, which is different from personal car insurance

Private hire cars must have commercial motor insurance that specifically covers the carriage of fare-paying passengers. Standard personal motor insurance does not provide this coverage.

Question 34: What should a PHC driver do if they witness a road accident while on duty?

Immediately leave the scene to avoid being involved
Record the incident on their dashcam and continue the trip without stopping
Only stop if directly involved in the accident
Ensure their own passenger is safe, call 999 if emergency assistance is needed, and cooperate with any investigation if asked to be a witness (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ensure their own passenger is safe, call 999 if emergency assistance is needed, and cooperate with any investigation if asked to be a witness

If a PHC driver witnesses an accident, they should first ensure their own passenger is safe, then call 999 if emergency services are needed. If they can safely stop without obstructing traffic, they may assist or serve as a witness. Leaving the scene of a serious accident without assisting where possible is contrary to professional and legal obligations.

Question 35: Under LTA's regulatory framework, PHC operators must have a system to handle:

Only feedback submitted through the LTA portal
Only emergency incidents involving accidents
Passenger and driver feedback, complaints, and emergency incidents in a timely and effective manner (Correct answer)
Only complaints involving fare disputes

Correct answer: Passenger and driver feedback, complaints, and emergency incidents in a timely and effective manner

Licensed PHC operators must maintain systems to handle the full range of feedback, complaints, and emergency incidents from both passengers and drivers. This includes fare disputes, safety incidents, driver misconduct, and emergency response protocols.

Question 36: What is the purpose of the 'passenger safety rating' feature on PHC platforms?

To provide drivers with information about passengers' past behaviour and help identify potentially problematic passengers for their safety (Correct answer)
To allow LTA to monitor driver performance in real time
To rank drivers by their speed and efficiency
To determine the surge pricing for each passenger's future trips

Correct answer: To provide drivers with information about passengers' past behaviour and help identify potentially problematic passengers for their safety

Passenger rating features on PHC platforms allow drivers to rate passengers based on their conduct during trips. This helps protect driver safety by flagging passengers with a history of problematic behaviour, creating accountability on both sides of the booking relationship.

Question 37: What are the rules regarding in-vehicle cameras (dashcams) in private hire cars in Singapore?

Cameras are banned in private hire cars
Cameras require passenger consent each trip
Only rear-facing cameras are allowed
In-vehicle cameras are allowed and increasingly required by ride-hailing platforms for safety, evidence in disputes, and insurance purposes (Correct answer)

Correct answer: In-vehicle cameras are allowed and increasingly required by ride-hailing platforms for safety, evidence in disputes, and insurance purposes

Dashcams are permitted and many platforms require them. They protect both drivers and passengers by providing evidence in case of accidents, disputes, or security incidents.

Question 38: How should a PDVL driver handle the vehicle's interior environment for passenger comfort?

Keep the car hot to save on air conditioning costs
Maintain a comfortable temperature, keep the vehicle clean and free of odours, ensure a quiet environment, and offer charging cables or water if possible (Correct answer)
Allow smoking if the passenger requests
Play loud radio at all times

Correct answer: Maintain a comfortable temperature, keep the vehicle clean and free of odours, ensure a quiet environment, and offer charging cables or water if possible

Passenger comfort includes proper air conditioning, a clean, odour-free interior, low music or none, and small amenities like charging cables. These extras contribute to higher ratings and tips.

Question 39: A driver involved in an accident causing injury must:

Stop, render assistance, provide particulars, and report to the police within 24 hours (Correct answer)
Continue driving and report online within 7 days
Report to their insurance company within 24 hours only
Only stop if they caused the accident

Correct answer: Stop, render assistance, provide particulars, and report to the police within 24 hours

Under the Road Traffic Act, a driver involved in an accident causing injury must stop immediately, render assistance to injured persons, provide their name, address, and vehicle details, and report the accident to the police within 24 hours.

Question 40: A PHC driver discovers a significant oil leak pooling beneath the vehicle before starting a shift. What is the correct action?

Report the leak to the PHC platform at the end of the shift only
Top up the oil reservoir and monitor the leak during the first trip
Wipe the area clean and continue if no warning lights appear
Cease all operations immediately and have the vehicle repaired before resuming hire work (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cease all operations immediately and have the vehicle repaired before resuming hire work

A significant oil leak can lead to sudden engine failure and creates a fire hazard; the vehicle must not be used until the leak is professionally repaired.

Question 41: What does a PHC driver's duty of care to passengers include?

Applying only when transporting children
Driving safely, maintaining the vehicle in a roadworthy condition, ensuring passenger comfort, and not putting passengers in danger (Correct answer)
Only ensuring passengers reach their destination, regardless of how
Only being liable if an accident occurs

Correct answer: Driving safely, maintaining the vehicle in a roadworthy condition, ensuring passenger comfort, and not putting passengers in danger

A PHC driver's duty of care is comprehensive — it includes driving safely and within the law, maintaining the vehicle properly, securing passengers (reminding about seatbelts), maintaining a safe environment free from harassment or dangerous behaviour, and acting professionally throughout the journey.

Question 42: What should a PDVL driver do at the end of each shift?

Check the vehicle for lost items, clean the interior, review earnings and trips, and report any vehicle issues to the owner or rental company (Correct answer)
Only lock the car
Nothing — just park the car
Only refuel the car

Correct answer: Check the vehicle for lost items, clean the interior, review earnings and trips, and report any vehicle issues to the owner or rental company

End-of-shift routines should include checking for lost items, cleaning the interior, reviewing the day's performance, refuelling, and reporting any vehicle maintenance issues.

Question 43: What is the LTA enforcement process for PDVL violations?

LTA does not enforce PDVL rules
LTA conducts regular enforcement checks, issues fines, may suspend or revoke PDVLs, and works with platforms to ensure compliance (Correct answer)
Enforcement only happens after accidents
Only police enforce PDVL rules

Correct answer: LTA conducts regular enforcement checks, issues fines, may suspend or revoke PDVLs, and works with platforms to ensure compliance

LTA actively enforces PDVL regulations through roadside checks, mystery shopping, complaint investigations, and platform data analysis. Violations can result in fines, PDVL suspension, or revocation.

Question 44: What is the professional standard for PHC driver personal hygiene and appearance?

Personal appearance is entirely at the driver's discretion
Platform operators have no standards for driver appearance
Only formal business attire is acceptable
Drivers should maintain good personal hygiene and present a neat, professional appearance to ensure passenger comfort (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Drivers should maintain good personal hygiene and present a neat, professional appearance to ensure passenger comfort

As professional service providers, PDVL holders are expected to maintain good personal hygiene and a neat, professional appearance. This is part of the overall service quality standard and reflects on the platform operator's brand and the professionalism of the private hire industry.

Question 45: Which of the following vehicles is eligible to be a private hire car in Singapore?

A commercial goods vehicle converted to carry passengers
A Singapore-registered saloon car or multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) that meets LTA's specifications (Correct answer)
A motorcycle registered in the driver's name
Any foreign-registered car with the driver's personal insurance

Correct answer: A Singapore-registered saloon car or multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) that meets LTA's specifications

Only Singapore-registered passenger vehicles (such as saloon cars and MPVs) that meet LTA's specifications for private hire cars are eligible. Foreign-registered vehicles, motorcycles, and converted goods vehicles are not permitted to operate as private hire cars.

Question 46: What should a PDVL driver do when a passenger leaves belongings in the vehicle?

Keep the items
Sell the items if not claimed within 24 hours
Throw the items away
Report the lost item to the ride-hailing platform, attempt to contact the passenger, and safeguard the items until they can be returned (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Report the lost item to the ride-hailing platform, attempt to contact the passenger, and safeguard the items until they can be returned

PDVL drivers should check the car after each trip. If items are found, report through the platform, contact the passenger if possible, and arrange return. Keeping lost items is unethical and potentially illegal.

Question 47: What is 'aquaplaning' and how should a driver respond to it?

When the brakes lock up on a wet road surface
When a vehicle's tyres lose contact with the road surface due to a layer of water, the driver should ease off the accelerator gently and steer straight until tyres regain grip (Correct answer)
A situation where the engine overheats in heavy rain
A technique for driving over flooded roads at speed

Correct answer: When a vehicle's tyres lose contact with the road surface due to a layer of water, the driver should ease off the accelerator gently and steer straight until tyres regain grip

Aquaplaning (or hydroplaning) occurs when a vehicle's tyres ride on a film of water rather than gripping the road surface, causing a loss of steering and braking control. The driver should ease off the accelerator gently (not brake sharply), keep steering straight, and wait for the tyres to regain contact with the road.

Question 48: What speed limits must PDVL drivers observe on Singapore roads?

The same speed limits as all vehicles: 50 km/h on roads (unless signed otherwise), 70-80 km/h on semi-expressways, and 90 km/h on expressways (Correct answer)
Special higher limits apply for private hire cars
PDVL drivers can exceed speed limits during booking urgency
Only 40 km/h at all times

Correct answer: The same speed limits as all vehicles: 50 km/h on roads (unless signed otherwise), 70-80 km/h on semi-expressways, and 90 km/h on expressways

PDVL drivers must observe all posted speed limits. Having a passenger in the car does not grant any special speed privileges. Speeding is dangerous and results in demerit points and fines.

Question 49: A PHC passenger requests to be taken to Jurong East MRT station. Which expressway would most efficiently connect from Orchard Road?

Seletar Expressway (SLE)
Tampines Expressway (TPE)
East Coast Parkway (ECP)
Ayer Rajah Expressway (AYE) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ayer Rajah Expressway (AYE)

The Ayer Rajah Expressway (AYE) runs along the southern part of Singapore connecting the west to the city area, making it the most efficient expressway route from Orchard Road (city centre) to Jurong East (western Singapore).

Question 50: What is a PHC driver's responsibility when transporting a passenger with a disability?

Decline the booking if it involves additional assistance
Direct the passenger to a wheelchair-accessible taxi instead
Charge a higher fare for additional assistance provided
Provide reasonable assistance, be patient, and where possible, accommodate the passenger's specific needs including assisting with boarding and alighting (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Provide reasonable assistance, be patient, and where possible, accommodate the passenger's specific needs including assisting with boarding and alighting

PHC drivers are expected to be professional and inclusive. When transporting passengers with disabilities, drivers should provide reasonable assistance — such as helping with boarding, securing wheelchairs, and ensuring comfort — and show patience. Discrimination against passengers with disabilities is contrary to professional standards.

Question 51: What is the proper protocol for collecting and dropping off passengers at Singapore's airports?

Wait at the taxi stand
Follow designated pick-up and drop-off points, display the booking details for airport security, and adhere to airport traffic management rules (Correct answer)
Park at the departure hall entrance
Stop anywhere convenient

Correct answer: Follow designated pick-up and drop-off points, display the booking details for airport security, and adhere to airport traffic management rules

Changi Airport has designated private hire car pick-up points. Drivers must follow signage, use the correct pick-up zone, and adhere to airport ground transport regulations to avoid fines.

Question 52: What are the penalties for operating a vehicle as a private hire car without proper registration?

Fines of up to SGD 10,000 and/or imprisonment of up to 6 months, plus vehicle impounding (Correct answer)
A verbal warning
A small fine only
The vehicle is painted a different colour

Correct answer: Fines of up to SGD 10,000 and/or imprisonment of up to 6 months, plus vehicle impounding

Operating an unregistered private hire car is a serious offence. Penalties include substantial fines, potential imprisonment, and the vehicle may be impounded by LTA.

Question 53: What should a PHC driver do if a passenger appears to be intoxicated and behaves aggressively?

Accelerate to reach the destination faster and end the trip
Stay calm, pull over safely if necessary, politely but firmly request the passenger to behave appropriately, and call for assistance if the situation escalates (Correct answer)
Continue the trip and ignore the passenger's behaviour
Shout back at the passenger to assert authority

Correct answer: Stay calm, pull over safely if necessary, politely but firmly request the passenger to behave appropriately, and call for assistance if the situation escalates

PHC drivers must prioritise safety. With an aggressive or intoxicated passenger, the driver should remain calm, speak firmly but politely, and pull over safely if needed. If the situation escalates and poses a safety risk, the driver should contact their platform operator or police for assistance.

Question 54: What is the blood alcohol content (BAC) limit for drivers in Singapore?

Zero tolerance — any alcohol is an offence
50 mg per 100 ml of blood
25 micrograms per 100 ml of breath
35 micrograms per 100 ml of breath (or 80 mg per 100 ml of blood) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 35 micrograms per 100 ml of breath (or 80 mg per 100 ml of blood)

Singapore's legal limit is 35 micrograms of alcohol per 100 ml of breath, or 80 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood. Exceeding this limit constitutes drink driving under the Road Traffic Act.

Question 55: What does 'TPB' stand for in the context of Singapore private hire regulations?

Third-Party Booking — referring to the requirement that all private hire car bookings must be made through a licensed third-party booking service operator (Correct answer)
Transport Planning Bureau — the body that plans Singapore's transport network
Transport Pricing Board — the body that regulates taxi and PHC fares
Traffic Police Bureau — the enforcement arm for road offences

Correct answer: Third-Party Booking — referring to the requirement that all private hire car bookings must be made through a licensed third-party booking service operator

TPB refers to Third-Party Booking, which is a fundamental requirement of Singapore's private hire regulatory framework. All private hire car trips must be booked in advance through a licensed third-party booking service operator (such as Grab or Gojek), distinguishing PHCs from taxis that can be street-hailed.

Question 56: What happens to a PDVL if the driver's regular driving licence is suspended?

The PDVL is automatically invalidated as it requires a valid underlying driving licence (Correct answer)
The PDVL remains valid independently
The driver can still accept bookings
The PDVL is suspended for 30 days only

Correct answer: The PDVL is automatically invalidated as it requires a valid underlying driving licence

A valid Singapore Class 3/3A driving licence is a prerequisite for the PDVL. If the underlying licence is suspended or revoked, the PDVL automatically becomes invalid.

Question 57: When should a driver use hazard warning lights in Singapore?

When the vehicle is stationary and causing an obstruction, or in an emergency (Correct answer)
When driving slowly on a highway above 50 km/h
When making a U-turn at a junction
Whenever travelling in heavy rain

Correct answer: When the vehicle is stationary and causing an obstruction, or in an emergency

Hazard warning lights should be used when the vehicle is stationary and creating an obstruction for other road users, or in an emergency situation. They should NOT be used routinely in heavy rain or as a signal when driving, as this can confuse other drivers.

Question 58: What is 'defensive driving' in the context of professional PHC operation?

Installing dashcams and recording all journeys
Avoiding all expressways and using only local roads
Anticipating potential hazards and the actions of other road users, maintaining safe distances, and having escape routes planned (Correct answer)
Driving at the minimum speed limit at all times

Correct answer: Anticipating potential hazards and the actions of other road users, maintaining safe distances, and having escape routes planned

Defensive driving is a proactive approach to driving that involves anticipating hazards and the unpredictable behaviour of other road users, maintaining adequate following distances, scanning the road ahead, and always having a plan B if something unexpected happens.

Question 59: What anti-discrimination obligations do PDVL drivers have?

Only racial discrimination is prohibited
Drivers must not refuse passengers based on race, religion, disability, age, or other discriminatory factors; complaints can lead to PDVL suspension (Correct answer)
Discrimination is allowed for safety reasons
No anti-discrimination rules exist

Correct answer: Drivers must not refuse passengers based on race, religion, disability, age, or other discriminatory factors; complaints can lead to PDVL suspension

PDVL drivers must not discriminate against passengers on any protected grounds including race, religion, nationality, disability, or gender. Complaints of discrimination can result in disciplinary action.

Question 60: What is the most important aspect of customer service for a PDVL driver in Singapore?

Completing the trip as fast as possible
Providing a safe, comfortable, and professional ride experience with courteous communication and respect for passengers (Correct answer)
Having the loudest music in the car
Driving the most expensive car

Correct answer: Providing a safe, comfortable, and professional ride experience with courteous communication and respect for passengers

Customer service excellence for PDVL drivers centres on safety, comfort, and professionalism — greeting passengers, confirming destinations, driving smoothly, keeping the vehicle clean, and being courteous.

Question 61: What is the correct procedure for a PDVL driver involved in a traffic accident?

Stop, ensure safety, render assistance, exchange details, report to police within 24 hours, and inform the platform operator and vehicle owner (Correct answer)
Leave the scene and continue driving passengers
Only call the ride-hailing company
Only take photos and leave

Correct answer: Stop, ensure safety, render assistance, exchange details, report to police within 24 hours, and inform the platform operator and vehicle owner

Accident procedures for PDVL drivers are the same as all drivers: stop, assist injured, exchange details, report to police. Additionally, inform the ride-hailing platform and the vehicle owner/rental company.

Question 62: What should a PDVL driver do if they witness or suspect criminal activity by a passenger?

Ensure personal safety first, do not confront the passenger, and report the suspicion to the police at the earliest safe opportunity (Correct answer)
Ignore it — the passenger's business is private
Confront the passenger directly
Post about it on social media

Correct answer: Ensure personal safety first, do not confront the passenger, and report the suspicion to the police at the earliest safe opportunity

Driver safety comes first. Do not confront suspected criminals. Complete the trip safely if possible, note details (physical description, behaviour), and report to the police as soon as it is safe to do so.

Question 63: What are the rules regarding tipping in Singapore's private hire car industry?

Tipping is mandatory
A fixed 10% tip is required
Tipping is illegal
Tipping is voluntary and not customary in Singapore; platforms may offer in-app tipping features but drivers should never solicit tips (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Tipping is voluntary and not customary in Singapore; platforms may offer in-app tipping features but drivers should never solicit tips

Tipping is not customary in Singapore. While some platforms offer in-app tipping, it is entirely voluntary. PDVL drivers should never pressure passengers for tips.

Question 64: When picking up or dropping off passengers near a school in Singapore, what additional precaution must a PHC driver take?

School zones have no special rules for PHC vehicles
Only use the leftmost lane near schools
Watch for children who may step onto the road unexpectedly, observe the reduced school zone speed limit, and use only legal stopping areas (Correct answer)
Sound the horn frequently to alert children

Correct answer: Watch for children who may step onto the road unexpectedly, observe the reduced school zone speed limit, and use only legal stopping areas

School zones require extra caution due to the presence of children who may not always behave predictably near roads. PHC drivers must observe the reduced 40 km/h school zone speed limit, watch carefully for children, and stop only in legal drop-off areas — not in no-stopping zones or bus bays.

Question 65: PDVL holders are required to renew their vocational licence:

Every 3 years, subject to meeting renewal criteria (Correct answer)
Once for life — it never expires
Every year
Every 5 years automatically

Correct answer: Every 3 years, subject to meeting renewal criteria

A PDVL is valid for 3 years and must be renewed before expiry. Renewal is subject to the driver meeting the criteria set by LTA, including a clean driving record and completion of any required refresher training.

Question 66: When a private hire vehicle is used for commercial hire, what type of insurance coverage is specifically required beyond the standard minimum?

Third-party property damage insurance only
Personal accident insurance for the driver only
Standard comprehensive private car insurance
Commercial hire car insurance that covers fare-paying passengers (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Commercial hire car insurance that covers fare-paying passengers

Standard private car insurance policies typically exclude commercial hire use; PHC drivers must hold hire car insurance that specifically covers liability while transporting fare-paying passengers.

Question 67: Under the Road Traffic Act, using a mobile phone while driving without a hands-free device is:

An offence that carries a fine of up to S$1,000 and/or 6 months' imprisonment for a first offence (Correct answer)
Only an offence if it causes an accident
Only a warning offence for first-time offenders
Permitted if the call lasts less than 30 seconds

Correct answer: An offence that carries a fine of up to S$1,000 and/or 6 months' imprisonment for a first offence

Using a handheld mobile phone while driving is an offence under the Road Traffic Act. A first offender faces a fine of up to S$1,000 and/or imprisonment of up to 6 months, and subsequent offences carry heavier penalties.

Question 68: What is a PDVL driver's obligation regarding the use of seatbelts by passengers?

Only front-seat passengers need seatbelts
Only the driver needs to wear a seatbelt
The driver must inform passengers to wear their seatbelts, and passengers in the rear must also buckle up — the driver may be liable if they fail to remind passengers (Correct answer)
The driver is not responsible for passengers' seatbelt use

Correct answer: The driver must inform passengers to wear their seatbelts, and passengers in the rear must also buckle up — the driver may be liable if they fail to remind passengers

Under Singapore's Road Traffic Act, all passengers (front and rear) must wear seatbelts. While passengers are primarily responsible for buckling up, the driver has a duty to remind passengers to wear seatbelts. Children must be properly secured in appropriate child restraint systems.

Question 69: What is the minimum legal tyre tread depth for a private hire vehicle operating on Singapore roads?

0.8 mm
3.2 mm
1.6 mm (Correct answer)
2.4 mm

Correct answer: 1.6 mm

Singapore road regulations stipulate a minimum tyre tread depth of 1.6 mm for all motor vehicles, including private hire cars.

Question 70: What is the minimum penalty for a driver convicted of causing death by dangerous driving in Singapore?

Imprisonment of not less than 2 years and disqualification from driving for not less than 5 years (Correct answer)
Community service of 240 hours
A fine of S$5,000 only
Suspension of licence for 12 months

Correct answer: Imprisonment of not less than 2 years and disqualification from driving for not less than 5 years

Under recent amendments to the Road Traffic Act, causing death by dangerous driving carries a mandatory minimum imprisonment of 2 years and mandatory disqualification from driving for a minimum of 5 years, reflecting Singapore's serious approach to road safety.

Question 71: What vehicle registration requirements apply to private hire cars in Singapore?

The vehicle must be registered with LTA as a private hire car with the appropriate vehicle scheme decal displayed (Correct answer)
Only luxury cars qualify
Only brand new cars can be registered
Any car can be used for private hire

Correct answer: The vehicle must be registered with LTA as a private hire car with the appropriate vehicle scheme decal displayed

Private hire cars must be registered under the Private Hire Car (PHC) scheme with LTA. The vehicle must display the required decal and meet LTA's vehicle standards.

Question 72: What driving licence requirement must a PDVL applicant meet?

Any valid driving licence
Must have a Class 4 licence
Must hold a valid Class 3/3A Singapore driving licence for at least 2 years (Correct answer)
Must have an international driving licence

Correct answer: Must hold a valid Class 3/3A Singapore driving licence for at least 2 years

PDVL applicants must have held a valid Singapore Class 3 or 3A driving licence for at least 2 years, ensuring adequate driving experience before carrying fare-paying passengers.

Question 73: What are the rules regarding child passengers in private hire cars in Singapore?

Children cannot ride in private hire cars
Children below 1.35 metres must use approved child restraints; private hire cars are currently exempt but drivers should encourage child seat use (Correct answer)
Children do not need car seats
Only children over 12 can ride

Correct answer: Children below 1.35 metres must use approved child restraints; private hire cars are currently exempt but drivers should encourage child seat use

While private hire cars have exemptions from child seat regulations, safety-conscious PDVL drivers should encourage parents to bring child seats and inform them about child passenger safety.

Question 74: What should a PDVL driver do if they notice a vehicle defect during their shift?

Continue driving until the shift ends
If the defect affects safety, stop operating immediately, inform the vehicle owner/rental company, and arrange repairs before resuming service (Correct answer)
Ask passengers to ignore it
Only report it at the next inspection

Correct answer: If the defect affects safety, stop operating immediately, inform the vehicle owner/rental company, and arrange repairs before resuming service

Safety defects (brakes, tyres, lights, steering) must be addressed immediately. The driver is responsible for ensuring the vehicle is safe for passengers. Never knowingly drive an unsafe vehicle.

Question 75: What vehicle condition checks should a PDVL driver perform daily?

No checks are needed if the car is rented
Only check fuel level
Check tyres, lights, brakes, fluid levels, mirrors, seatbelts, and cleanliness before starting each shift (Correct answer)
Only wash the car exterior

Correct answer: Check tyres, lights, brakes, fluid levels, mirrors, seatbelts, and cleanliness before starting each shift

Daily pre-trip inspections should cover tyre condition and pressure, all lights (headlights, brake lights, indicators), brakes, fluid levels, mirrors, seatbelt function, and interior cleanliness.

Question 76: What is the recommended maximum continuous driving time for PDVL holders in Singapore?

Only 2 hours at a time
24 hours continuously is acceptable
Drivers should not drive continuously for more than 8-10 hours to prevent fatigue-related accidents (Correct answer)
No limit exists

Correct answer: Drivers should not drive continuously for more than 8-10 hours to prevent fatigue-related accidents

While there is no strict legal limit on hours, LTA recommends that private hire drivers take regular breaks and avoid excessive continuous driving to prevent fatigue, which impairs reaction time and judgement.

Question 77: What tax obligations do PDVL drivers have in Singapore?

Only employees pay taxes
PDVL drivers must declare their driving income to IRAS and may deduct eligible expenses such as fuel, vehicle rental, and platform commissions (Correct answer)
PDVL income is tax-free
The ride-hailing platform pays taxes on behalf of drivers

Correct answer: PDVL drivers must declare their driving income to IRAS and may deduct eligible expenses such as fuel, vehicle rental, and platform commissions

PDVL drivers are typically self-employed and must declare all driving income to IRAS. They can claim deductions for business expenses including fuel, vehicle rental, insurance, and platform commissions.

Question 78: What is the proper procedure for a PHC driver to handle a fare dispute with a passenger?

Refuse to unlock the doors until the fare is paid
Call the police immediately for any fare dispute
Direct the passenger to resolve the dispute through the platform operator's official dispute resolution process and remain calm throughout (Correct answer)
Give the passenger a full refund to avoid conflict regardless of the circumstances

Correct answer: Direct the passenger to resolve the dispute through the platform operator's official dispute resolution process and remain calm throughout

Fare disputes should be resolved through the platform operator's official process — the platform has the booking and fare calculation records. The driver should remain calm, not escalate the situation physically, and direct the passenger to raise their concern through the platform. Physical altercations over fares can result in criminal charges.

Question 79: How often should a PHC driver check the vehicle's tyre pressure given the high mileage typical of hire operations?

Only at the annual inspection
Only when a tyre visually appears low
Once a month is sufficient
Weekly or before every shift (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Weekly or before every shift

PHC vehicles cover significantly more kilometres than private cars, making weekly or pre-shift tyre pressure checks essential for safety, handling, and fuel efficiency.

Question 80: What grooming and appearance standards are expected of PDVL drivers?

Only formal business attire is required
No standards exist for private hire drivers
Appearance does not matter for private hire
Clean, neat, and presentable appearance reflecting professionalism; avoid strong odours, maintain personal hygiene, and dress appropriately (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Clean, neat, and presentable appearance reflecting professionalism; avoid strong odours, maintain personal hygiene, and dress appropriately

While there is no uniform requirement, PDVL drivers are expected to maintain good personal hygiene, dress neatly, and present a professional appearance that passengers find comfortable and trustworthy.

Question 81: Can a PDVL driver refuse a booking in Singapore?

Drivers must accept all bookings without exception
Only senior drivers can refuse bookings
Drivers should generally accept bookings; unjustified refusals may lead to penalties from the platform; legitimate reasons include safety concerns or vehicle issues (Correct answer)
Drivers can refuse any booking for any reason

Correct answer: Drivers should generally accept bookings; unjustified refusals may lead to penalties from the platform; legitimate reasons include safety concerns or vehicle issues

While drivers can cancel for legitimate reasons (safety concerns, vehicle issues, medical emergencies), frequent unjustified cancellations can result in penalties from the ride-hailing platform.

Question 82: Can electric vehicles (EVs) be used as private hire cars in Singapore?

Only hydrogen cars are allowed
No, only petrol cars are allowed
EVs are banned from commercial use
Yes, LTA permits electric and hybrid vehicles as private hire cars, and Singapore is actively promoting EV adoption for cleaner transport (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Yes, LTA permits electric and hybrid vehicles as private hire cars, and Singapore is actively promoting EV adoption for cleaner transport

Singapore encourages EV adoption including for private hire fleets. The government offers incentives for EV adoption as part of the Singapore Green Plan 2030 to reduce vehicular emissions.

Question 83: Which tyre condition would result in a private hire vehicle FAILING its mandatory LTA inspection?

Tyres from a brand not specified by the vehicle manufacturer
Tyres with a tread depth below 1.6 mm (Correct answer)
Tyres with a tread depth of exactly 1.6 mm
Tyres that are more than two years old

Correct answer: Tyres with a tread depth below 1.6 mm

Any tyre with a tread depth below the legal minimum of 1.6 mm is classified as unsafe and will cause the vehicle to fail its mandatory inspection.

Question 84: Can foreign nationals apply for a PDVL in Singapore?

Only Employment Pass holders can apply
Only S Pass holders can apply
Yes, anyone can apply
Only Singapore citizens and permanent residents can apply for a PDVL (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Only Singapore citizens and permanent residents can apply for a PDVL

The PDVL is restricted to Singapore citizens and permanent residents. Foreign nationals, regardless of their work pass type, are not eligible to drive private hire cars in Singapore.

Question 85: Why are passenger ratings important for PDVL drivers?

High ratings increase booking assignments, maintain eligibility for incentives, and protect against deactivation; low ratings may lead to suspension from the platform (Correct answer)
Ratings do not matter
Only 5-star ratings count
Ratings are only seen by the driver

Correct answer: High ratings increase booking assignments, maintain eligibility for incentives, and protect against deactivation; low ratings may lead to suspension from the platform

Passenger ratings directly affect a PDVL driver's livelihood. Consistently low ratings can lead to fewer bookings, loss of incentives, and potentially being deactivated from the ride-hailing platform.

Question 86: What does a double white centre line on a Singapore road mean?

Vehicles may cross the line only when overtaking
One side may cross but the other may not
Vehicles may cross the line when turning right
No vehicle may cross or straddle either line (Correct answer)

Correct answer: No vehicle may cross or straddle either line

A double white centre line means that no vehicle may cross or straddle either line. This marking indicates a no-overtaking zone where the road conditions make it unsafe to cross the centre line.

Question 87: Under the Singapore Road Traffic Act, what is the speed limit on an expressway unless otherwise indicated?

110 km/h
90 km/h (Correct answer)
80 km/h
70 km/h

Correct answer: 90 km/h

The default speed limit on Singapore expressways is 90 km/h unless a lower limit is posted. Exceeding this limit is an offence under the Road Traffic Act.

Question 88: What is the minimum cancellation policy requirement for licensed PHC operators in Singapore?

There is no minimum requirement — cancellation is entirely at the operator's discretion
Operators must have a fair and transparent cancellation policy that is clearly communicated to both drivers and passengers (Correct answer)
Drivers may cancel up to 5 bookings per day without penalty
Passengers may never cancel a booking once accepted by a driver

Correct answer: Operators must have a fair and transparent cancellation policy that is clearly communicated to both drivers and passengers

LTA requires licensed PHC operators to have clear, fair, and transparent cancellation policies for both drivers and passengers. The specifics may be set by each operator but must be communicated clearly and applied consistently to both parties.

Question 89: What is the minimum age requirement to apply for a PDVL in Singapore?

21 years old
30 years old (Correct answer)
18 years old
25 years old

Correct answer: 30 years old

Applicants for the Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence (PDVL) must be at least 30 years old. This is higher than the minimum age for a standard driving licence to ensure greater maturity and experience.

Question 90: What course must PDVL applicants complete before they can obtain their licence?

The Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence course covering safe driving, service standards, and relevant regulations (Correct answer)
No course is required
Only an advanced driving course
Only a first aid course

Correct answer: The Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence course covering safe driving, service standards, and relevant regulations

Applicants must complete the PDVL course which covers topics including safe driving practices, passenger service excellence, relevant traffic laws, and the use of ride-hailing applications.

Question 91: Why is it important for PDVL drivers to be familiar with Singapore's road network?

It is not important with GPS available
Only the CBD area matters
Only expressways need to be known
Knowledge of routes, alternative paths, peak-hour congestion patterns, and shortcuts improves efficiency, reduces travel time, and enhances passenger satisfaction (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Knowledge of routes, alternative paths, peak-hour congestion patterns, and shortcuts improves efficiency, reduces travel time, and enhances passenger satisfaction

While GPS helps, knowing Singapore's roads, common traffic patterns, ERP gantry locations, and alternative routes when jams occur makes a PDVL driver more efficient and provides better passenger service.

Question 92: Which authority issues the PDVL in Singapore?

Ministry of Transport
Traffic Police
National Private Hire Vehicles Association
Land Transport Authority (LTA) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Land Transport Authority (LTA)

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) is responsible for issuing and regulating PDVLs under the Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence framework.

Question 93: What should a PDVL driver do if their vehicle breaks down while carrying a passenger?

Ask the passenger to push the car
Move the vehicle to a safe location, activate hazard lights, ensure passenger safety, help arrange alternative transport, and call for roadside assistance (Correct answer)
Leave the passenger and walk for help
Wait for the next driver to arrive automatically

Correct answer: Move the vehicle to a safe location, activate hazard lights, ensure passenger safety, help arrange alternative transport, and call for roadside assistance

The driver's primary responsibility is passenger safety. Move the car safely off the road if possible, ensure passengers are safe, help them get alternative transport, and arrange for vehicle recovery.

Question 94: In Singapore, which authority is responsible for issuing and revoking driving licences?

The Singapore Civil Defence Force
The Traffic Police
The Land Transport Authority (LTA) (Correct answer)
The Ministry of Transport

Correct answer: The Land Transport Authority (LTA)

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) is the statutory body responsible for administering driving licences in Singapore, including the issuance, suspension, and revocation of licences, as well as regulating vehicle registration and the road network.

Question 95: What data protection obligations do PDVL drivers have under Singapore's PDPA?

Only the platform has obligations
Data protection does not apply to transport
No obligations exist
Drivers must protect passenger personal information obtained through the ride (addresses, phone numbers) and must not misuse or share it (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Drivers must protect passenger personal information obtained through the ride (addresses, phone numbers) and must not misuse or share it

Under the PDPA, PDVL drivers who access passenger personal data (names, addresses, phone numbers) through the ride-hailing app must protect this information and not misuse it for personal purposes.

Question 96: What fuel efficiency considerations should PDVL drivers in Singapore be aware of?

The ride-hailing company pays for fuel
Fuel costs do not matter
Fuel is a major operating cost; drivers should maintain proper tyre pressure, avoid excessive idling, drive smoothly, and plan efficient routes to minimise fuel consumption (Correct answer)
Only premium fuel should be used

Correct answer: Fuel is a major operating cost; drivers should maintain proper tyre pressure, avoid excessive idling, drive smoothly, and plan efficient routes to minimise fuel consumption

Fuel is one of the largest costs for PDVL drivers. Maintaining the vehicle properly, avoiding aggressive driving, reducing idle time, and planning efficient routes can significantly reduce fuel expenses.

Question 97: What is the role of ride-hailing platforms (like Grab) under Singapore law?

They are completely unregulated
They have no legal obligations
They only provide a mobile app
They are licensed operators who must comply with LTA regulations, ensure driver and vehicle standards, provide insurance, and maintain service quality (Correct answer)

Correct answer: They are licensed operators who must comply with LTA regulations, ensure driver and vehicle standards, provide insurance, and maintain service quality

Ride-hailing platforms must hold a licence from LTA, ensure their drivers have valid PDVLs, maintain vehicle standards, provide adequate insurance coverage, and comply with fair pricing practices.

Question 98: What requirement does LTA impose regarding driver training for PDVL applicants?

Applicants must complete a mandatory vocational training course covering relevant regulations, passenger safety, and professional conduct before being issued a PDVL (Correct answer)
Training is optional — only the examination must be passed
The platform operator provides training, so LTA imposes no training requirement
Training is only required for drivers above 60 years of age

Correct answer: Applicants must complete a mandatory vocational training course covering relevant regulations, passenger safety, and professional conduct before being issued a PDVL

PDVL applicants must complete a mandatory vocational training course that covers topics including Singapore road regulations, private hire regulations, passenger safety, professional conduct, and basic first aid. Successful completion is a prerequisite for applying for the PDVL.

Question 99: Which statement best describes a PHC driver's overall responsibility with regard to vehicle condition?

The vehicle needs cleaning only once a week regardless of usage level
Only mechanical maintenance is required; vehicle appearance is optional for PHC drivers
The vehicle must be kept clean and in good mechanical condition to ensure passenger safety and comfort (Correct answer)
Vehicle cleanliness and upkeep are the platform company's responsibility, not the driver's

Correct answer: The vehicle must be kept clean and in good mechanical condition to ensure passenger safety and comfort

PHC drivers are personally responsible for maintaining both the mechanical roadworthiness and the cleanliness of their vehicles as part of their professional duty to passengers.

Question 100: What is the recommended procedure when a PHC driver encounters a breakdown on an expressway?

Continue driving on three tyres to the nearest exit
Stop in the current lane and wait for traffic police to arrive
Move the vehicle to the emergency lane, turn on hazard lights, place a warning triangle at least 45 metres behind the vehicle, and call for assistance (Correct answer)
Move to the emergency lane only if traffic is light

Correct answer: Move the vehicle to the emergency lane, turn on hazard lights, place a warning triangle at least 45 metres behind the vehicle, and call for assistance

If a breakdown occurs on an expressway, the driver should move the vehicle to the emergency lane (left hard shoulder) immediately, activate hazard lights, place warning triangles at least 45 metres behind the vehicle to warn approaching traffic, and call for roadside assistance. Never remain in a live traffic lane.

PDVL - Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence

The PDVL test is administered by Singapore's Land Transport Authority (LTA). Applicants must pass two papers covering service quality, health & safety, and rules & regulations to obtain a Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence.

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These practice questions were written with AI tools. They are not real exam questions. Exam facts are checked against the official sources listed below. Not reviewed by a subject-matter expert. Editorial policy

Sources & references

Exam facts on this page (fees, format, dates, passing scores) are checked against these official sources; the date is our last check. Editorial policy

onemotoring.lta.gov.sg — Eligibility, fees, score release, score validity, renewal · verified Oct 2026
rp.edu.sg — Retake policy · verified Oct 2026