PhB Bachelor of Philosophy Ethics and Moral Philosophy 1

Question 1

Which ethical theory holds that the morality of an action is determined solely by its consequences?

Accepted Answer

Consequentialism

Answer

Consequentialism judges actions as right or wrong based entirely on the outcomes they produce, most famously developed by Bentham and Mill.

Question 2

Kant's categorical imperative instructs us to act only according to that maxim which we can simultaneously will to become a:

Accepted Answer

Universal law

Answer

Kant's first formulation of the categorical imperative demands that we act only on principles we could consistently universalize for all rational beings.

Question 3

Which philosopher is most closely associated with virtue ethics and the concept of eudaimonia?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle

Answer

Aristotle argued in the Nicomachean Ethics that eudaimonia (flourishing or happiness) is the highest good, achieved through virtuous character.

Question 4

The trolley problem is primarily used in moral philosophy to illustrate tension between which two ethical frameworks?

Accepted Answer

Consequentialism and deontology

Answer

The trolley problem forces a choice between saving more lives (consequentialist reasoning) and the deontological prohibition on using a person as a mere means.

Question 5

Moral relativism is the view that moral judgments are:

Accepted Answer

Relative to individuals or cultures and not universally binding

Answer

Moral relativism holds that right and wrong are not absolute but are defined by the standards of particular individuals, cultures, or societies.

PhB Bachelor of Philosophy Practice Test

PhB Bachelor of Philosophy Practice Test

PhB Bachelor of Philosophy Ethics and Moral Philosophy 1