PhB Bachelor of Philosophy Logic and Argumentation

Question 1

A deductively valid argument is one in which:

Accepted Answer

If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true

Answer

The premises are all true

Answer

The conclusion is probably true given the premises

Answer

The premises and conclusion are all well-established facts

Question 2

A sound argument is one that is:

Accepted Answer

Valid and has all true premises

Answer

Valid and persuasive

Answer

Invalid but has a true conclusion

Answer

Inductively strong and well-supported

Question 3

The fallacy of affirming the consequent is committed when someone argues:

Accepted Answer

If P then Q; Q; therefore P

Answer

If P then Q; P; therefore Q

Answer

If P then Q; not Q; therefore not P

Answer

If P then Q; not P; therefore not Q

Question 4

Modus ponens is the valid argument form:

Accepted Answer

If P then Q; P; therefore Q

Answer

If P then Q; not Q; therefore not P

Answer

If P then Q; not P; therefore not Q

Answer

If P then Q; Q; therefore P

Question 5

An ad hominem fallacy occurs when:

Accepted Answer

An argument attacks the person making a claim rather than addressing the claim itself

Answer

An argument appeals to popular opinion

Answer

A conclusion does not follow from the premises

Answer

An argument uses emotionally loaded language

Question 6

The straw man fallacy involves:

Accepted Answer

Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to refute

Answer

Appealing to an authority who is not an expert in the relevant field

Answer

Claiming that two extreme positions are the only options

Answer

Drawing a conclusion that goes beyond what the evidence supports