MC Master of Counseling: Human Development and Lifespan

Question 1

According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the central developmental conflict of early adulthood (ages 20–40)?

Accepted Answer

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer

Erikson identified Intimacy vs. Isolation as the core conflict of early adulthood, where individuals seek to form meaningful close relationships.

Question 2

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development identifies four stages. Which stage is characterized by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Answer

Object permanence—the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight—develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2).

Question 3

John Bowlby's attachment theory proposes that infants develop secure attachments to caregivers primarily based on which factor?

Accepted Answer

The caregiver's responsiveness and sensitivity to the infant's needs

Answer

Bowlby emphasized that secure attachment forms when caregivers consistently respond sensitively and appropriately to the infant's signals and needs.

Question 4

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes which of the following sets of levels?

Accepted Answer

Preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional

Answer

Kohlberg's moral development theory consists of three levels: Preconventional (self-interest), Conventional (social rules), and Postconventional (universal principles).

Question 5

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to:

Accepted Answer

The gap between what a child can do alone and what they can achieve with skilled guidance

Answer

The ZPD represents the distance between a learner's actual developmental level and the higher level they can reach with the assistance of a more knowledgeable other.

MC - Master of Counseling Practice Test

MC - Master of Counseling Practice Test

MC Master of Counseling: Human Development and Lifespan