MC Study Guide 2026

An eclectic approach involves selecting and applying techniques from various therapeutic orientations without a unifying theoretical framework. While it acknowledges differences and draws from multiple sources, it is often criticized for lacking the coherent integration found in an 'integrative' approach. This lack of integration can lead to a disjointed practice, as interventions may not be consistently grounded in a single theoretical understanding.

A p-value represents the probability of obtaining the observed results (or more extreme) if the null hypothesis were true; p < 0.05 is conventionally considered statistically significant.

The GAF used a 1–100 scale, with higher scores indicating better psychological, social, and occupational functioning.

Discrimination typically involves refusing services based on protected characteristics such as age, ethnicity, or culture, which are inherent to a person's identity and often legally protected. Refusing services due to a client's smell, while potentially uncomfortable, is generally not considered discrimination because it relates to a changeable personal hygiene issue rather than a protected group characteristic. However, therapists should still approach such situations with sensitivity and explore underlying causes if appropriate.

Cultural competence involves a set of attitudes, knowledge, and skills that enable effective cross-cultural interactions. While sincerity, empathy, non-possessive warmth, and genuineness are core facilitative conditions in counseling, they are also essential interpersonal traits that underpin effective and respectful engagement across cultures, fostering trust and understanding. These qualities are crucial for building rapport and navigating cultural differences.

Identity moratorium describes the state of active exploration and questioning without yet having made a commitment to a specific identity.