MC Master of Counseling: Human Development and Lifespan 2

Question 1

According to Daniel Levinson's theory of adult development, the midlife transition typically occurs between which ages?

Accepted Answer

40–45

Answer

25–30

Answer

35–40

Answer

50–55

Question 2

Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's moral development theory primarily because:

Accepted Answer

It was based on studies of males and failed to adequately represent female moral reasoning

Answer

It placed too much emphasis on cultural and contextual factors

Answer

It ignored religious and spiritual influences on moral judgment

Answer

It overemphasized emotional factors at the expense of cognitive reasoning

Question 3

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the microsystem refers to:

Accepted Answer

The immediate environments in which a person has direct, face-to-face interactions

Answer

Broad cultural values and societal institutions that influence development

Answer

The interconnections and relationships between a person's immediate environments

Answer

The historical context and time period in which a person develops

Question 4

According to Kübler-Ross's model of grief, which of the following correctly lists the five stages in order?

Accepted Answer

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Answer

Anger, Denial, Depression, Bargaining, Acceptance

Answer

Denial, Bargaining, Anger, Acceptance, Depression

Answer

Bargaining, Denial, Anger, Depression, Acceptance

Question 5

Which developmental theorist proposed 'generativity vs. stagnation' as the key psychosocial conflict of middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson

Answer

Jean Piaget

Answer

Albert Bandura

Answer

Lev Vygotsky

Question 6

James Marcia expanded Erikson's identity work by proposing four identity statuses. Which status describes an adolescent actively exploring options but not yet making a commitment?

Accepted Answer

Identity moratorium

Answer

Identity diffusion

Answer

Identity foreclosure

Answer

Identity achievement

Question 7

Which theory of aging proposes that older adults make adaptive choices by selecting priority goals, optimizing existing abilities, and compensating for losses?

Accepted Answer

Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) theory

Answer

Disengagement theory

Answer

Activity theory

Answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory