MC Master of Counseling: Human Development and Lifespan 3

Question 1

According to Erikson, failure to successfully resolve the trust vs. mistrust stage in infancy is most likely to result in:

Accepted Answer

A fundamental sense of fear and hopelessness about the safety of the world

Answer

Difficulty forming intimate relationships in adulthood

Answer

Pervasive shame and chronic self-doubt

Answer

Inability to take initiative or pursue goals

Question 2

Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes that children acquire new behaviors primarily through:

Accepted Answer

Observation and imitation of others' behavior

Answer

Genetic predispositions and biological maturation alone

Answer

Schedules of reinforcement and punishment administered by parents

Answer

Resolution of unconscious conflicts during critical periods

Question 3

Which of the following represents a normative, age-related cognitive change that a counselor should expect when working with older adult clients?

Accepted Answer

Slowing of processing speed and reaction time

Answer

Marked decline in crystallized intelligence

Answer

Significant loss of autobiographical long-term memory

Answer

Inability to consolidate new long-term memories after age 65

Question 4

In the context of Vygotsky's theory, 'scaffolding' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Temporary, adjustable support provided by a more skilled person to help a learner master a new task

Answer

A child's internal cognitive framework for assimilating new information

Answer

The process of connecting new knowledge to pre-existing schema

Answer

The sequential developmental milestones children must achieve in order

Question 5

Which of the following best describes 'resilience' in the context of lifespan development?

Accepted Answer

The ability to adapt positively and maintain functioning in the face of significant adversity or trauma

Answer

The complete absence of adverse childhood experiences

Answer

A genetic predisposition that protects individuals from developing mental health disorders

Answer

A consistent pattern of emotional stability maintained throughout the entire lifespan

Question 6

According to Carter and McGoldrick's family life cycle model, which stage is primarily characterized by couples renegotiating roles and adjusting to the demands of raising young children?

Accepted Answer

Families with young children

Answer

Families with adolescents

Answer

Families in later life

Answer

The joining of families through marriage or commitment

Question 7

Laura Carstensen's Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) proposes that as adults age and perceive time as limited, they tend to:

Accepted Answer

Prioritize emotionally meaningful relationships and goals over information-seeking ones

Answer

Expand their social networks to maximize new experiences and knowledge

Answer

Withdraw from social life to preserve cognitive and physical resources

Answer

Focus increasingly on future-oriented career and achievement goals