ABPath Anatomic Pathology

Question 1

Which of the following is the most common type of lung cancer in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Non-small cell lung cancer

Answer

Lung cancer is broadly divided into two main types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers in the United States, encompassing subtypes like adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Its prevalence makes it the most common type.

Question 2

What is the characteristic histologic feature of Crohn’s disease?

Accepted Answer

Granulomas

Answer

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. A characteristic histologic feature, though not always present, is the presence of non-caseating granulomas in the bowel wall. These granulomas are aggregates of epithelioid macrophages and lymphocytes, distinguishing Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis.

Question 3

Which of the following is the most common site of metastasis for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Bone

Answer

Prostate cancer frequently metastasizes, and the most common site for its spread is the bone, particularly the axial skeleton (spine, pelvis, ribs). These bone metastases are typically osteoblastic, meaning they stimulate new bone formation, and can cause significant pain and complications. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent such spread.

Question 4

Which type of skin cancer is associated with the highest mortality rate?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Answer

While basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are more common, melanoma is the most aggressive and deadliest form of skin cancer. It has a high propensity for metastasis to distant organs if not detected and treated early, leading to a significantly higher mortality rate compared to other skin cancers. Early diagnosis is critical for improving prognosis.

Question 5

What is the most common genetic mutation in colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

KRAS mutation

Answer

Colorectal cancer development is often driven by a series of genetic mutations. Among these, mutations in the KRAS gene are one of the most common, occurring in approximately 30-50% of colorectal cancers. KRAS mutations are significant as they activate downstream signaling pathways that promote cell growth and proliferation, and they also have implications for targeted therapy selection.

American Board of Pathology (ABPath) Practice Test

American Board of Pathology (ABPath) Practice Test

ABPath Anatomic Pathology