DVM Large Animal Medicine 4

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of 'hardware disease' (traumatic reticuloperitonitis) in cattle?

Accepted Answer

Ingested metallic foreign body penetrates the reticulum wall causing peritonitis

Answer

Hardware disease occurs when ingested metal (wire, nails) penetrates the reticulum, causing localized or diffuse peritonitis; a magnet placed in the reticulum is the standard prevention.

Question 2

A foal is born to a mare with a history of producing isoerythrolysis-affected foals. Which blood type incompatibility is MOST commonly involved in equine neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Aa and Qa blood group antigens

Answer

Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis most commonly involves Aa and Qa blood group antigens, where an Aa- or Qa-negative mare becomes sensitized and produces antibodies passed through colostrum.

Question 3

A cow presents with sudden blindness, opisthotonus, and pressing behavior. CSF analysis shows glucose depletion and elevated lactate. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Polioencephalomalacia (cerebrocortical necrosis)

Answer

Polioencephalomalacia results from thiamine deficiency or sulfur toxicosis causing cerebrocortical necrosis, presenting with blindness, ataxia, and opisthotonus; it responds to IV thiamine.

Question 4

During a pre-purchase examination of a horse, bilateral tarsal periarticular remodeling is noted on radiographs with evidence of distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint fusion. This is consistent with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Bone spavin (distal tarsal osteoarthritis)

Answer

Bone spavin refers to osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints (centrodistal and tarsometatarsal), which can progress to bony fusion; it is a common cause of hindlimb lameness in horses.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of ionophore toxicity (e.g., monensin) in cattle?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of mitochondrial cation transport leading to cardiac and skeletal muscle necrosis

Answer

Ionophores disrupt mitochondrial sodium/potassium transport, causing energy depletion and cell death in cardiac and skeletal muscle, leading to myopathy and heart failure.

DVM - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Practice Test

DVM - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Practice Test

DVM Large Animal Medicine 4