CLEP Biology Vertebrate Organ Systems 3

Question 1

Which cells in the immune system produce antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes (plasma cells)

Answer

B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells, which are specialized for producing and secreting antibodies.

Question 2

What is the function of the epiglottis in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

Preventing food from entering the trachea

Answer

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

Question 3

In the vertebrate nervous system, which type of neuron carries signals FROM sensory receptors TO the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent (sensory) neurons

Answer

Afferent neurons transmit sensory information from peripheral receptors to the spinal cord and brain.

Question 4

Which hormone lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Insulin, secreted by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, facilitates glucose uptake by cells, lowering blood sugar.

Question 5

What is the primary role of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and supporting immunity

Answer

The lymphatic system drains excess interstitial fluid back into the blood and is central to immune surveillance and response.

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