CLEP Biology Organismal Biology & Physiology 5

Question 1

Which type of animal produces amniotic eggs, allowing reproduction on dry land without returning to water?

Accepted Answer

Amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals)

Answer

Amniotes produce eggs (or embryos) with specialized membranes including the amnion, chorion, and allantois that provide a self-contained aquatic environment for the embryo.

Question 2

What is the primary role of surfactant in the human lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reducing surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse during exhalation

Answer

Surfactant, produced by type II alveolar cells, lowers surface tension at the air-water interface, preventing alveoli from collapsing when pressure drops during exhalation.

Question 3

The hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases urine concentration by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to water

Answer

ADH (vasopressin) inserts aquaporin-2 channels into the collecting duct epithelium, allowing water to follow the osmotic gradient into the concentrated medullary interstitium.

Question 4

During the process of osmoregulation, marine bony fish face which primary challenge?

Accepted Answer

Their body fluids are less concentrated than seawater, so they lose water by osmosis

Answer

Marine bony fish are hyposmotic to seawater, so water continually leaves by osmosis; they compensate by drinking seawater and excreting ions via the gills.

Question 5

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood, transporting it from the right ventricle to the lung capillaries for gas exchange.

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Biology Organismal Biology & Physiology 5