CLEP Biology Organismal Biology & Physiology 2

Question 1

Which structure in the human kidney is responsible for filtering blood to form the initial filtrate?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

The glomerulus is the capillary network where blood pressure drives water and small solutes into the Bowman's capsule to form the glomerular filtrate.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the loop of Henle in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Creating an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla

Answer

The loop of Henle establishes a hyperosmotic gradient in the renal medulla that allows the collecting duct to concentrate urine.

Question 3

In flowering plants, which tissue transports sugars produced by photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant?

Accepted Answer

Phloem

Answer

Phloem conducts organic compounds such as sucrose from source tissues (leaves) to sink tissues (roots, fruits) via pressure-flow.

Question 4

Which type of muscle tissue is under involuntary control and found in the walls of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle is non-striated, involuntary, and lines hollow organs such as the intestines where it drives peristalsis.

Question 5

What hormone do chief cells of the stomach secrete, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Pepsinogen; is activated to pepsin which digests proteins

Answer

Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, an inactive zymogen that hydrochloric acid converts to pepsin, which cleaves dietary proteins.

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Biology Organismal Biology & Physiology 2