CLEP Biology Cell Organelle Structure/Function 2

Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER and modifies, sorts, and packages them into vesicles for their final destinations.

Question 2

Cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells are constructed primarily from which protein arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement

Answer

Eukaryotic cilia and flagella contain an axoneme composed of nine peripheral microtubule doublets surrounding two central microtubules (9+2 arrangement).

Question 3

Which component of the endomembrane system is most directly involved in lipid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

The smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is specialized for lipid synthesis, including phospholipids and steroids.

Question 4

What is the primary function of the nucleolus found within the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

Answer

The nucleolus is the site of rRNA transcription and the assembly of ribosomal subunits before their export to the cytoplasm.

Question 5

Peroxisomes carry out oxidative reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide; they prevent cell damage by containing which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Catalase

Answer

Catalase in peroxisomes rapidly breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, neutralizing this toxic byproduct.

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Practice Test

CLEP Biology Cell Organelle Structure/Function 2