ARDMS Echo Doppler Echocardiography 3

Question 1

Which hepatic vein Doppler pattern indicates severe tricuspid regurgitation?

Accepted Answer

Systolic flow reversal in hepatic veins

Answer

Severe TR causes systolic flow reversal in the hepatic veins as the regurgitant volume raises right atrial pressure during systole.

Question 2

What is the Nyquist limit, and how can aliasing be corrected on color Doppler?

Accepted Answer

Maximum detectable velocity (½ PRF); corrected by increasing PRF or using CW Doppler

Answer

The Nyquist limit is the maximum velocity detectable by PW/color Doppler (½ PRF); aliasing is corrected by increasing PRF, shifting baseline, or switching to CW Doppler.

Question 3

Tissue Doppler e' velocity at the septal annulus is normally:

Accepted Answer

>8 cm/s

Answer

Normal septal e' velocity is ≥7–8 cm/s; a value <7 cm/s suggests impaired myocardial relaxation.

Question 4

Which Doppler waveform is used to assess diastolic function in patients with atrial fibrillation?

Accepted Answer

Mitral E wave deceleration time and E/e' ratio

Answer

In AF where the A wave is absent, diastolic function is assessed using mitral E-wave deceleration time and E/e' ratio.

Question 5

What does a 'W-shaped' M-mode tracing of the mitral valve indicate?

Accepted Answer

Normal mitral valve motion

Answer

The normal M-mode mitral valve tracing shows a W-shaped pattern reflecting two opening excursions (E and A waves) in diastole.

ARDMS Echo - American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Echocardiography Practice Test

ARDMS Echo - American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Echocardiography Practice Test

ARDMS Echo Doppler Echocardiography 3