ARDMS Echo Doppler Echocardiography 3

Question 1

Which hepatic vein Doppler pattern indicates severe tricuspid regurgitation?

Accepted Answer

Systolic flow reversal in hepatic veins

Answer

Prominent S wave

Answer

Blunted D wave

Answer

Equal S and D waves

Question 2

What is the Nyquist limit, and how can aliasing be corrected on color Doppler?

Accepted Answer

Maximum detectable velocity (½ PRF); corrected by increasing PRF or using CW Doppler

Answer

Maximum depth; corrected by decreasing depth

Answer

Minimum frame rate; corrected by increasing gain

Answer

Maximum gain; corrected by decreasing frequency

Question 3

Tissue Doppler e' velocity at the septal annulus is normally:

Accepted Answer

>8 cm/s

Answer

>12 cm/s

Answer

>15 cm/s

Answer

>20 cm/s

Question 4

Which Doppler waveform is used to assess diastolic function in patients with atrial fibrillation?

Accepted Answer

Mitral E wave deceleration time and E/e' ratio

Answer

Mitral E/A ratio

Answer

Pulmonary vein S/D ratio

Answer

Tricuspid inflow E wave

Question 5

What does a 'W-shaped' M-mode tracing of the mitral valve indicate?

Accepted Answer

Normal mitral valve motion

Answer

Mitral regurgitation

Answer

Mitral stenosis

Answer

Aortic regurgitation with mitral flutter

Question 6

In a patient with suspected cardiac tamponade, which Doppler finding is most specific?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory variation >25% in mitral E velocity and >40% in tricuspid E velocity

Answer

Elevated RVSP on TR jet

Answer

Prolonged mitral deceleration time

Answer

Diastolic flow reversal in aorta